School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
Graduate School of Nursing and Midwifery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Int Nurs Rev. 2018 Mar;65(1):33-40. doi: 10.1111/inr.12411. Epub 2017 Nov 28.
To examine the factors contributing to nurses choosing to exit the nursing profession before retirement age.
Population growth, ageing and growing demand for health services mean increased demand for nurses. Better retention could help meet this demand, yet little work has been done in New Zealand to understand early attrition.
An online survey of registered and enrolled nurses and nurse practitioners who had left nursing was used. This study reports analysis of responses from 285 ex-nurses aged under 55.
The primary reasons nurses left the profession were as follows: workplace concerns; personal challenges; career factors; family reasons; lack of confidence; leaving for overseas; unwillingness to complete educational requirements; poor work-life balance; and inability to find suitable nursing work. Most nurses discussed their intentions to leave with a family member or manager and most reported gaining transferrable skills through nursing.
Nurses leave for many reasons. Implementing positive practice environments and individualized approaches to retaining staff may help reduce this attrition. Generational changes in the nature of work and careers mean that nurses may continue to leave the profession sooner than anticipated by policymakers.
If the nursing workforce is to be able to meet projected need, education, recruitment and retention policies must urgently address issues leading to early attrition. In particular, policies improving the wider environmental context of nursing practice and ensuring that working environments are safe and nurses are well supported must be developed and implemented. Equally, national nursing workforce planning must take into account that nursing is no longer viewed as a career for life.
探讨促使护士在退休年龄前选择离开护理行业的因素。
人口增长、老龄化和对医疗服务需求的增加意味着对护士的需求增加。更好的保留率可能有助于满足这一需求，但新西兰在了解早期离职方面所做的工作甚少。
采用在线调查的方式，对已离职的注册护士和执业护师进行调查。本研究报告了对 285 名年龄在 55 岁以下的前护士的回应进行分析的结果。
护士离开护理行业的主要原因如下：工作场所问题；个人挑战；职业因素；家庭原因；缺乏信心；出国；不愿意完成教育要求；工作与生活失衡；以及无法找到合适的护理工作。大多数护士与家庭成员或经理讨论过离职意向，大多数人报告通过护理获得了可转移的技能。
护士离开的原因很多。实施积极的工作环境和个性化的员工保留方法可能有助于减少这种离职现象。工作和职业性质的代际变化意味着护士可能会比政策制定者预期的更早离开这个行业。
如果要让护理人员能够满足预期的需求，教育、招聘和保留政策必须紧急解决导致早期离职的问题。特别是，必须制定和实施改善护理实践更广泛环境背景的政策，并确保工作环境安全，护士得到良好的支持。同样，国家护理人员队伍规划必须考虑到护理不再被视为终身职业。
