Periodontol 2000. 2018 Feb;76(1):68-84. doi: 10.1111/prd.12154. Epub 2017 Nov 30.
The discovery of biomarkers for periodontal disease requires an in-depth understanding of the molecular basis of the initiation and progression of the disease. The gingival crevicular fluid is a biological medium suitable for identifying and measuring such biomarkers because it can be easily and noninvasively sampled from the immediate vicinity of the affected tissues. An ever-expanding pool of gingival crevicular fluid proteins associated with periodontal health or disease has been catalogued over the years, particularly with the recent implementation of proteomic technologies. 'Proteomics' refers to the large-scale study of entire arrays of proteins expressed by a genome and present in a cell, tissue, biological fluid or organism. Hence, such technologies provide a broad qualitative and quantitative insight of the proteins present in gingival crevicular fluid. Pertinent studies have amassed on the information gathered to date on protein signatures in periodontal health and disease, and have confirmed the nature of the immunological host response. This review discusses the application of proteomic technologies in characterizing the molecular networks present in gingival crevicular fluid, their potential for discovery of biomarkers that are meaningful for clinical practice, and the associated technical challenges.
牙周病生物标志物的发现需要深入了解疾病发生和发展的分子基础。牙龈沟液是一种适合识别和测量此类生物标志物的生物介质，因为它可以从受影响组织的附近轻松且非侵入性地取样。多年来，人们已经对与牙周健康或疾病相关的大量牙龈沟液蛋白进行了编目，特别是随着蛋白质组学技术的最近应用。“蛋白质组学”是指对一个基因组和一个细胞、组织、生物液或生物体中表达的整个蛋白质阵列进行大规模研究。因此，此类技术可广泛了解牙龈沟液中存在的蛋白质的定性和定量信息。相关研究已经积累了有关牙周健康和疾病中蛋白质特征的信息，并证实了免疫宿主反应的性质。这篇综述讨论了蛋白质组学技术在表征牙龈沟液中存在的分子网络中的应用、它们在发现对临床实践有意义的生物标志物方面的潜力，以及相关的技术挑战。
