国家级女子举重运动员参赛巅峰特征的个案研究
Characteristics of a National Level Female Weightlifter Peaking for Competition: A Case Study.
机构信息
Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.
Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.
出版信息
J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Nov;32(11):3029-3038. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002379.
Bazyler, CD, Mizuguchi, S, Zourdos, MC, Sato, K, Kavanaugh, AA, DeWeese, BH, Breuel, KF, and Stone, MH. Characteristics of a national level female weightlifter peaking for competition: A case study. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3029-3038, 2018-This study investigated physiological and performance changes of a national-level 69 kg female weightlifter after 3 competition phases over a 28-week training period. The athlete first trained for a regional championship (weeks 1-12), followed by a local competition (weeks 13-23) and the national championship (weeks 24-28). Body mass, vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and unloaded and loaded squat jump performance were assessed weekly during each 4-week competition phase. Serum biomarkers and dynamic midthigh pulls were assessed before and after each competition phase. Weightlifting performance goals were met for the regional championship (total = 200 kg) and the local competition (total = 193 kg), but not the national championship (total = 196 kg). She lost more body mass in preparation for Nationals (-6.0 kg) compared with regionals (-2.5 kg) and the local competition (+2.2 kg). Vastus lateralis CSA very likely decreased after Nationals (precision = 99%, effect size = 2.08). Her testosterone:cortisol ratio likely increased (88%, 2.64), whereas interleukin-6 (79%, 2.47) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (81%, 3.59) likely decreased after Nationals. Serum myostatin (99%, 1.95) and decorin (99%, 1.96) very likely decreased after the local competition. Unloaded squat jump height likely increased the week of regionals (89%, 0.95) and the local competition (99%, 1.83), whereas unloaded and loaded squat jump height possibly (69%, 0.99) and likely (82%, 1.52) decreased the week of Nationals. Dynamic midthigh pull vertical displacement likely increased after regionals (93%, 0.84) and likely decreased after Nationals (94%, 0.87). These findings indicate that biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and hypertrophy are related to changes in training volume-load; however, performance measures are needed to assess competition preparedness. Considering the reductions in muscle CSA corresponding with the large reductions in body mass and underperformance at the national championship, sport scientists, and coaches should instruct weightlifters to not attempt large losses in body mass (e.g., >3 kg) close to competition (e.g., <1week).
巴泽勒、Mizuguchi、佐多尔斯、佐藤、卡瓦纳夫、德威斯、布雷尔和斯通。为比赛而达到巅峰的国家级女性举重运动员的特征：一项案例研究。J 力量与调节研究 32(11)：3029-3038，2018 年-本研究调查了一名国家级 69 公斤级女举重运动员在 28 周训练期间经历 3 个比赛阶段后的生理和表现变化。该运动员首先为地区锦标赛（第 1-12 周）进行训练，然后为当地比赛（第 13-23 周）和全国锦标赛（第 24-28 周）进行训练。每周在每个 4 周的比赛阶段评估身体质量、股外侧肌横截面积 (CSA)和空载和加载深蹲跳表现。在每次比赛阶段前后评估血清生物标志物和动态大腿中部拉力。区域锦标赛（总成绩=200 公斤）和当地比赛（总成绩=193 公斤）的举重成绩目标达到，但全国锦标赛（总成绩=196 公斤）没有达到。她为准备全国锦标赛（-6.0 公斤）而减掉的体重比为地区锦标赛（-2.5 公斤）和当地比赛（+2.2 公斤）更多。股外侧肌 CSA 在全国锦标赛后很可能下降（精度=99%，效应大小=2.08）。她的睾酮：皮质醇比可能增加（88%，2.64），而白细胞介素-6（79%，2.47）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（81%，3.59）在全国锦标赛后可能下降。血清肌肉生长抑制素（99%，1.95）和核心蛋白聚糖（99%，1.96）在当地比赛后很可能下降。空载深蹲跳高度可能在区域赛周（89%，0.95）和当地比赛周（99%，1.83）增加，而空载和加载深蹲跳高度可能（69%，0.99）和可能（82%，1.52）在全国锦标赛周下降。大腿中部拉力的动态垂直位移可能在区域赛周后增加（93%，0.84），在全国锦标赛后可能下降（94%，0.87）。这些发现表明，应激、炎症和肥大的生物标志物与训练量-负荷的变化有关；然而，需要进行性能评估来评估比赛准备情况。考虑到与体重大量减少（例如，>3 公斤）相对应的肌肉 CSA 减少以及在全国锦标赛中的表现不佳，运动科学家和教练应该指导举重运动员不要在接近比赛（例如，<1 周）时尝试大量减轻体重（例如，>3 公斤）。
Zotero 插件