Oppici Luca, Grütters Kim, Garofolini Alessandro, Rosenkranz Robert, Narciss Susanne
Psychology of Learning and Instruction, Department of Psychology, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Centre for Tactile Internet With Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Nov 2;3:746142. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.746142. eCollection 2021.
Spine posture during repetitive lifting is one of the main risk factors for low-back injuries in the occupational sector. It is thus critical to design appropriate intervention strategies for training workers to improve their posture, reducing load on the spine during lifting. The main approach to train safe lifting to workers has been educational; however, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that this approach does not improve lifting movement nor reduces the risk of low back injury. One of the main limitations of this approach lies in the amount, quality and context of practice of the lifting movement. In this article, first we argue for integrating psychologically-grounded perspectives of practice design in the development of training interventions for safe lifting. Principles from deliberate practice and motor learning are combined and integrated. Given the complexity of lifting, a training intervention should occur in the workplace and invite workers to repeatedly practice/perform the lifting movement with the clear goal of improving their lifting-related body posture. Augmented feedback has a central role in creating the suitable condition for achieving such intervention. Second, we focus on spine bending as risk factor and present a pilot study examining the benefits and boundary conditions of different feedback modalities for reducing bending during lifting. The results showed how feedback modalities meet differently key requirements of deliberate practice conditions, i.e., feedback has to be informative, individualized and actionable. Following the proposed approach, psychology will gain an active role in the development of training interventions, contributing to finding solutions for a reduction of risk factors for workers.
重复性提举过程中的脊柱姿势是职业领域下背部损伤的主要风险因素之一。因此，设计适当的干预策略来培训工人改善姿势、减轻提举过程中脊柱的负荷至关重要。培训工人安全提举的主要方法一直是教育性的；然而，系统评价和荟萃分析表明，这种方法并不能改善提举动作，也不能降低下背部受伤的风险。这种方法的主要局限性之一在于提举动作的练习量、质量和背景。在本文中，首先我们主张在安全提举培训干预措施的开发中纳入基于心理学的练习设计观点。将刻意练习和运动学习的原则结合并整合起来。鉴于提举的复杂性，培训干预应在工作场所进行，并邀请工人反复练习/执行提举动作，明确目标是改善他们与提举相关的身体姿势。增强反馈在创造实现这种干预的合适条件方面起着核心作用。其次，我们将脊柱弯曲作为风险因素进行关注，并呈现一项试点研究，该研究考察了不同反馈方式在减少提举过程中弯曲方面的益处和边界条件。结果表明反馈方式如何不同程度地满足刻意练习条件的关键要求，即反馈必须是信息丰富的、个性化的且可操作的。按照所提出的方法，心理学将在培训干预措施的开发中发挥积极作用，有助于找到降低工人风险因素的解决方案。
