Liebling Steven L, Palenzuela Carlos
Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548 USA.
Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares Spain.
Living Rev Relativ. 2017;20(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s41114-017-0007-y. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
The idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s, John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called , but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name . Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single Killing vector. We discuss important varieties of boson stars, their dynamic properties, and some of their uses, concentrating on recent efforts.
将能量稳定地局域成束的想法，作为一种粒子模型具有很强的吸引力。20世纪50年代，约翰·惠勒将这种束设想为他称之为的电磁能的光滑构型，但并未发现此类构型。相反，在20世纪60年代末，随着一个标量场的加入，发现了类粒子解，这些解被命名为 。从那时起，玻色子星在各种各样的模型中得到应用，比如作为暗物质源、黑洞模拟物、简单双星系统模型，以及作为在只有一个类时 Killing 矢量的高维空间中寻找黑洞的工具。我们将讨论玻色子星的重要种类、它们的动力学性质以及一些用途，重点关注近期的研究成果。
