Sotos Juan F, Tokar Naomi J
Department of Pediatric, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43205 USA.
Nationwide Children's Hospital, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43205 USA.
Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2017;2017:14. doi: 10.1186/s13633-017-0053-y. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
The determination of the testicular volume is of considerable importance to assess the onset, progression and disorders of puberty, abnormal testicular development, and a number of other conditions; and in adults, assessment of fertility. A number of clinical methods have been used for the measurement of testicular volumes in the scrotum: a centimeter ruler, sliding calipers, and orchidometers. All the clinical methods calculate the volumes by the ellipsoid equation, grossly overestimate ultrasound (US) volumes by 70 to 80% for adults, to 150 to 250% for prepubertal subjects, mainly because the inclusion of the scrotal skin and epididymis and may not be accurate of reproducible. Ultrasound measurements have a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility and are the standard for quantitation of testicular volume. Formulas, equivalent to the ellipsoid equations used, were developed to match ultrasound volumes, with corrections of the width and length of the testis obtained in the scrotum, to avoid the inclusion of the scrotal skin (ss) and epididymis. was developed, requiring only the identification of ① the width of the testis in cm obtained in the scrotum with a ruler (without corrections) (i.e. 0.9, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4 cm etc.) and ② the stage of genital development. The calculator will subtract the scrotal skin for the stage of genital development, from the measurement of the width provided, apply the formula and identify the testicular volume of the subject that matches the US volume. The calculator will also provide, in a Table form, the values for the different stages of genital development. : The information provided by the calculator will solve the problem of overestimation by the orchidometers and the external measurements, problems with the reference of values to age, and Tanner stages, would permit assessment of the beginning and progression of puberty, of micro and macroorchidism, and other conditions mentioned.
睾丸体积的测定对于评估青春期的开始、进展和紊乱、睾丸发育异常以及许多其他情况具有相当重要的意义；在成年人中，则有助于评估生育能力。临床上有多种方法用于测量阴囊内的睾丸体积：厘米尺、游标卡尺和睾丸体积测量器。所有临床方法均通过椭圆体方程计算体积，对于成年人，这些方法计算出的体积比超声（US）测量值高估70%至80%，对于青春期前儿童则高估150%至250%，主要原因是将阴囊皮肤和附睾包括在内，且可能不准确或不可重复。超声测量具有高度的准确性和可重复性，是睾丸体积定量的标准。为了匹配超声测量的体积，开发了与所使用的椭圆体方程等效的公式，通过对阴囊内睾丸宽度和长度进行校正，以避免包括阴囊皮肤（ss）和附睾。开发了一种计算器，只需确定①用尺子在阴囊内测得的睾丸宽度（厘米，无需校正）（即0.9、1.5、2.0、2.4厘米等）和②生殖器发育阶段。该计算器会从提供的宽度测量值中减去与生殖器发育阶段相对应的阴囊皮肤厚度，应用公式并确定与超声测量体积相匹配的受试者睾丸体积。该计算器还将以表格形式提供不同生殖器发育阶段的值。：该计算器提供的信息将解决睾丸体积测量器和外部测量方法高估的问题，解决参考值与年龄和坦纳分期相关的问题，从而能够评估青春期的开始和进展、小睾症和巨睾症以及其他上述情况。
