Predictable, Tunable Protein Production in for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions.

Here we describe the use of synthetic genetic elements to improve the predictability and tunability of episomal protein production in . We used a multi-pronged approach, in which a series of variable-strength synthetic promoters were combined with a synthetic transcriptional terminator, and plasmid copy number variation. This yielded a series of plasmids that drive uniform production of fluorescent and endogenous proteins, over a wide dynamic range. We describe several examples where this system is used to fine-tune constitutive expression in , providing an efficient means to titrate out toxic effects of protein production.