Ramakrishnan I V, Ashok Vikas, Billah Syed Masum
Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Univers Access Hum Comput Interact (2017). 2017 Jul;10278:322-334. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-58703-5_24. Epub 2017 May 16.
People with vision impairments typically use screen readers to browse the Web. To facilitate non-visual browsing, web sites must be made accessible to screen readers, i.e., all the visible elements in the web site must be readable by the screen reader. But even if web sites are accessible, screen-reader users may not find them easy to use and/or easy to navigate. For example, they may not be able to locate the desired information without having to listen to a lot of irrelevant contents. These issues go beyond web accessibility and directly impact web usability. Several techniques have been reported in the accessibility literature for making the Web usable for screen reading. This paper is a review of these techniques. Interestingly, the review reveals that understanding the semantics of the web content is the overarching theme that drives these techniques for improving web usability.
视力障碍者通常使用屏幕阅读器浏览网页。为了便于非视觉浏览，网站必须对屏幕阅读器可用，即网站中的所有可见元素必须能被屏幕阅读器读取。但是，即使网站是可访问的，屏幕阅读器用户可能也会觉得它们不易使用和/或不易导航。例如，他们可能在不必收听大量无关内容的情况下无法找到所需信息。这些问题超出了网络可访问性的范畴，直接影响了网络可用性。在可访问性文献中已经报道了几种使网络对屏幕阅读可用的技术。本文是对这些技术的综述。有趣的是，综述表明理解网页内容的语义是推动这些提高网络可用性技术的首要主题。
