Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Parasit Vectors. 2017 Dec 4;10(1):596. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2542-5.
Sarcoptic mange has been identified as the most significant infectious disease affecting the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Despite several studies on the effects of mange on ibex, the pathological and clinical picture derived from sarcoptic mange infestation is still poorly understood. To further knowledge of sarcoptic mange pathology, samples from ibex were evaluated from histological, microbiological and serological perspectives.
Samples of skin, non-dermal tissues and blood were collected from 54 ibex (25 experimentally infected, 15 naturally infected and 14 healthy). Skin biopsies were examined at different stages of the disease for quantitative cellular, structural and vascular changes. Sixteen different non-dermal tissues of each ibex were taken for histological study. Acetylcholinesterase and serum amyloid A protein levels were evaluated from blood samples from ibex with different lesional grade. Samples of mangy skin, suppurative lesions and internal organs were characterized microbiologically by culture. Bacterial colonies were identified by a desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system (MALDI TOF/TOF).
The histological study of the skin lesions revealed serious acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, rete ridges, spongiotic oedema, serocellular and eosinophilic crusts, exocytosis foci, apoptotic cells and sebaceous gland hyperplasia. The cellular response in the dermis was consistent with type I and type IV hypersensitivity responses. The most prominent histological findings in non-dermal tissues were lymphoid hyperplasia, leukocytosis, congestion and the presence of amyloid deposits. The increase in serum concentrations of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid A protein correlated positively with the establishment of the inflammatory response in mangy skin and the presence of systemic amyloidosis. A wide variety of bacterial agents were isolated and the simultaneous presence of these in mangy skin, lymph nodes and internal organs such as lungs, liver, spleen and kidney was compatible with a septicaemic pattern of infection.
The alteration of biomarkers of inflammation and its implication in the pathogenesis of the disease and development of lesions in non-dermal tissues and septicaemic processes are serious conditioners for the survival of the mangy ibex. This severe clinical picture could be an important factor when considering the decision to eliminate animals that exceed a certain disease threshold from a population.
痒螨病已被确定为影响伊比利亚野山羊（Capra pyrenaica）的最重要传染病。尽管已经有几项关于痒螨病对野山羊影响的研究，但仍不清楚由痒螨病引起的病理和临床情况。为了进一步了解痒螨病的病理学，我们从组织学、微生物学和血清学的角度评估了野山羊的样本。
从 54 只野山羊（25 只实验感染，15 只自然感染，14 只健康）中采集皮肤、非皮肤组织和血液样本。在疾病的不同阶段检查皮肤活检，以评估定量细胞、结构和血管变化。对每只野山羊的 16 种不同非皮肤组织进行组织学研究。从病变程度不同的野山羊血液样本中评估乙酰胆碱酯酶和血清淀粉样蛋白 A 水平。对患有痒螨病的皮肤、脓性病变和内部器官样本进行微生物学特征分析，通过培养鉴定细菌菌落。使用解吸/电离时间飞行质谱系统（MALDI TOF/TOF）鉴定细菌菌落。
皮肤病变的组织学研究显示严重的棘皮症、角化过度、真皮嵴、海绵水肿、浆液细胞和嗜酸性细胞结痂、外溢灶、凋亡细胞和皮脂腺增生。真皮中的细胞反应与 I 型和 IV 型超敏反应一致。非皮肤组织中最突出的组织学发现是淋巴细胞增生、白细胞增多、充血和淀粉样物质沉积。乙酰胆碱酯酶和淀粉样蛋白 A 蛋白血清浓度的增加与炎症反应在痒螨病皮肤中的建立以及全身性淀粉样变性的存在呈正相关。从感染的野山羊皮肤、淋巴结和肺部、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏等内部器官中分离出多种细菌，这与败血症感染模式一致。
炎症生物标志物的改变及其对疾病发病机制和非皮肤组织病变以及败血症过程的影响，是影响痒螨病野山羊生存的重要因素。这种严重的临床情况可能是在考虑从种群中消除超过一定疾病阈值的动物时的一个重要因素。
