Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1041:141-169. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_8.
Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells capable of repairing damaged and creating new muscle tissue throughout life. Their functionality is tightly controlled by a microenvironment composed of a wide variety of factors, such as numerous secreted molecules and different cell types, including blood vessels, oxygen, hormones, motor neurons, immune cells, cytokines, fibroblasts, growth factors, myofibers, myofiber metabolism, the extracellular matrix and tissue stiffness. This complex niche controls SC biology-quiescence, activation, proliferation, differentiation or renewal and return to quiescence. In this review, we attempt to give a brief overview of the most important players in the niche and their mutual interaction with SCs. We address the importance of the niche to SC behavior under physiological and pathological conditions, and finally survey the significance of an artificial niche both for basic and translational research purposes.
卫星细胞（SCs）是成体肌肉干细胞，能够在整个生命周期中修复受损组织并生成新的肌肉组织。它们的功能受到由多种因素组成的微环境的严格控制，如许多分泌分子和不同的细胞类型，包括血管、氧气、激素、运动神经元、免疫细胞、细胞因子、成纤维细胞、生长因子、肌纤维、肌纤维代谢、细胞外基质和组织硬度。这个复杂的小生境控制着SCs 的生物学静止、激活、增殖、分化或更新以及回到静止状态。在这篇综述中，我们试图简要概述小生境中的最重要的参与者及其与SCs 的相互作用。我们讨论了小生境对SCs 在生理和病理条件下的行为的重要性，最后调查了人工小生境在基础和转化研究方面的意义。
