School of Business and Economic Studies, Universidad Icesi & POLIS, Cali, Colombia.
School of Business and Economic Studies, Universidad Icesi & PROESA, Cali, Colombia.
J Urban Health. 2018 Jun;95(3):391-400. doi: 10.1007/s11524-017-0215-5.
Obesity and frequent mental and physical distress are often associated with major health problems. The characteristics of the urban environment, such as homicide rates and public goods provision, play an important role in influencing participation in physical activity and in overall mental health. This study aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between homicide rates and public goods provision on the health outcomes of the citizens of Cali, Colombia, a city known for its high urban violence rate and low municipal investment in public goods. We used a linear probability model to relate homicide rates and public goods provision (lighted parks, effective public space per inhabitant, and bus stations) at the district level to health outcomes (obesity and frequent mental and physical distress). Individual data were obtained from the 2014 CaliBRANDO survey, and urban context characteristics were obtained from official government statistics. After controlling for individual covariates, results showed that homicide rates were a risk factor in all examined outcomes. An increase in 1.0 m of public space per inhabitant reduced the probability of an individual being obese or overweight by 0.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = - 0.004 to - 0.001) and the probability of frequent physical distress by 0.1% (95% CI = - 0.002 to - 0.001). On average, the presence of one additional bus station increased the probability of being obese or overweight by 1.1%, the probability of frequent mental distress by 0.3% (95% CI = 0.001-0.004), and the probability of frequent physical distress by 0.02% (95% CI = 0.000-0.003). Living in districts with adequate public space and lighted parks lowers the probability of being obese and high homicide rates, which are correlated with poor health outcomes in Cali, Colombia. Investments in public goods provision and urban safety to reduce obesity rates may contribute to a better quality of life for the population.
肥胖症和频繁的身心困扰通常与重大健康问题有关。城市环境的特点，如凶杀率和公共物品供应，在影响身体活动参与度和整体心理健康方面起着重要作用。本研究旨在确定凶杀率和公共物品供应（有照明的公园、每个居民实际享有的公共空间以及公共汽车站）与哥伦比亚卡利市居民健康结果之间是否存在关系，卡利市以其高城市暴力率和对公共物品的低市政投资而闻名。我们使用线性概率模型将凶杀率和公共物品供应（有照明的公园、每个居民实际享有的公共空间以及公共汽车站）与健康结果（肥胖症和频繁的身心困扰）联系起来。个体数据来自 2014 年卡利 BRANDO 调查，城市环境特征数据来自官方政府统计数据。在控制个体协变量后，结果表明凶杀率是所有被检查结果的一个风险因素。人均公共空间增加 1 米，会使个体肥胖或超重的概率降低 0.2%（95%置信区间（CI）= -0.004 至 -0.001），并使经常身体不适的概率降低 0.1%（95% CI=-0.002 至 -0.001）。平均而言，每增加一个公共汽车站，肥胖或超重的概率增加 1.1%，经常精神困扰的概率增加 0.3%（95% CI=0.001-0.004），经常身体不适的概率增加 0.02%（95% CI=0.000-0.003）。居住在公共空间充足且有照明的公园的地区，降低了肥胖症和高凶杀率的概率，这与哥伦比亚卡利市健康状况不佳相关。公共物品供应和城市安全投资的增加，以降低肥胖率，可能有助于提高居民的生活质量。
