Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Institute for Communication and Information on Health, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 6;9(9):e026800. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026800.
To investigate the association between the neighbourhood social environment, including social cohesion, perceived neighbourhood safety, perceived neighbourhood violence, and obesity in Brazil.
Cross-sectional study.
6 state capitals in Brazil (Salvador, Vitoria, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) PARTICIPANTS: Current or former employees of five federal universities and one research centre in each of the six Brazilian state capitals who were participants of the baseline wave (2008-2010) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (n=11 456; 56% women; 56% White, 28% Brown, and 16% Black).
Obesity, based on measured weight and height, and defined as having a body mass index ≥30 kg/m.
No associations were found between the neighbourhood social environment and obesity among men. In multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for age, education, skin colour, state of residence, and individual-level social cohesion and perceived violence scores, respectively, women living in the least socially cohesive neighbourhoods and in those perceived as most violent had higher odds of obesity compared with their counterparts (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.02-1.53; OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.04-1.56, respectively). When stratified by neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES)-defined based on number of people per household, proportion of children 0-4 years, median income and per cent of white residents at the neighbourhood level-results for social cohesion and for violence remained only for women residing in high SES and low SES neighbourhoods, respectively.
In this civil-servant sample in six large cities in Brazil, the neighbourhood social environment was associated with obesity among women, but not men. Neighbourhood-level interventions to increase social cohesion and reduce violence may help in the prevention of obesity among women in Brazil.
研究巴西邻里社会环境（包括社会凝聚力、感知邻里安全、感知邻里暴力）与肥胖之间的关系。
横断面研究。
巴西 6 个州府城市（萨尔瓦多、维多利亚、贝洛奥里藏特、阿雷格里港、圣保罗和里约热内卢）。
来自巴西 6 个州府城市的 5 所联邦大学和 1 个研究中心的现任或前任员工，他们是巴西成人健康纵向研究（ELSA-Brasil）基线波（2008-2010 年）的参与者（n=11456；56%为女性；56%为白人，28%为棕色人种，16%为黑人）。
肥胖，根据测量的体重和身高确定，定义为身体质量指数≥30kg/m。
在男性中，邻里社会环境与肥胖之间没有关联。在多水平逻辑回归模型中，分别调整年龄、教育程度、肤色、居住州以及个体层面的社会凝聚力和感知暴力得分后，与相应的对照组相比，居住在社会凝聚力最低的邻里和感知最暴力的邻里的女性肥胖的可能性更高（OR=1.25，95%CI=1.02-1.53；OR=1.28，95%CI=1.04-1.56）。按邻里社会经济地位（SES）分层-根据家庭人口数、0-4 岁儿童比例、中位数收入和白种居民比例进行定义，社会凝聚力和暴力的结果仅适用于居住在高 SES 和低 SES 邻里的女性。
在巴西 6 个大城市的公务员样本中，邻里社会环境与女性肥胖有关，与男性无关。在巴西，邻里层面的干预措施增加社会凝聚力和减少暴力可能有助于预防女性肥胖。
