Iglseder Bernhard
Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Universitätsklinik für Geriatrie der PMU, Uniklinikum Salzburg, Ignaz-Harrer-Str. 79, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 Feb;51(2):143-148. doi: 10.1007/s00391-017-1351-y. Epub 2017 Dec 5.
The enhancement of physical and cognitive abilities (i. e. concentration, vigilance, memory) has always been desirable for humans. The term pharmacological neuroenhancement refers to the use of legal or nonprescription psychoactive substances by healthy subjects with the intention of cognitive enhancement. To give the most prominent example, caffeine serves worldwide as a natural stimulant. Brain doping, however, specifies the use of illegal substances or prescription drugs beyond approval with the purpose of cognitive enhancement. Only amphetamines, methylphenidate and modafinil have significant effects on attentiveness, concentration and alertness, whereas other substances, such as anti-dementia drugs or anti-depressants failed to demonstrate cognitive enhancement in healthy subjects.
增强身体和认知能力（即注意力、警觉性、记忆力）一直是人类所期望的。药理学神经增强一词是指健康受试者使用合法或非处方精神活性物质以增强认知能力。最突出的例子是，咖啡因在全球范围内作为一种天然兴奋剂使用。然而，脑兴奋剂是指使用非法物质或未经批准的处方药以增强认知能力。只有安非他明、哌醋甲酯和莫达非尼对注意力、专注力和警觉性有显著影响，而其他物质，如抗痴呆药物或抗抑郁药物，在健康受试者中未能显示出认知增强作用。
