Bryant P A, Croft J, Cole P
EDF Energy (Nuclear New Build), Bridgewater House, Counterslip, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS1 6BX. Radiation Protection Office, University of Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Building, Oxford Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 7ZE.
J Radiol Prot. 2018 Mar;38(1):81-91. doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa8e53. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
The principle of As Low As Reasonable Achievable (ALARA) stems from the field of radiological protection. In the UK, this principle has been incorporated into the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and rather than applying solely to radiological hazards, applies to all hazards in totality. Given that the current methods for assessing hazards are somewhat isolated, in that one hazard is assessed independently of another, it can be challenging to ensure a truly holistic view of the risks, and demonstrate they have been reduced to ALARA or As Low As Is Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) as required in the UK regulatory regime. The following paper presents a proposed framework for the integrated assessment of risks from multiple hazards. In addition, it presents an overview of some of the key challenges that may be encountered when producing a holistic ALARA demonstration.
“合理可行尽量低”(ALARA)原则源于放射防护领域。在英国,这一原则已被纳入1974年《工作健康与安全法》,并且它并非仅适用于放射危害,而是总体适用于所有危害。鉴于当前评估危害的方法在某种程度上是孤立的,即一种危害是独立于另一种危害进行评估的,要确保对风险有真正全面的认识,并证明它们已按照英国监管制度的要求降低到ALARA或“合理可行尽量低”(ALARP)水平可能具有挑战性。以下论文提出了一个用于综合评估多种危害风险的框架。此外,它还概述了在进行全面的ALARA论证时可能遇到的一些关键挑战。