Hendee W R, Edwards F M
Semin Nucl Med. 1986 Apr;16(2):142-50. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2998(86)80027-7.
Exposures of individuals to ionizing radiation have been restricted for many years by a number of guidelines and rules developed by various advisory and regulatory groups. Accompanying these restrictions has been an evolving principle that exposures to individuals and groups should be kept "as low as reasonably achievable" (ALARA), consistent with provision of the benefits of radiation use to society. Although the ALARA concept is a laudable goal in principle, its implementation in a clinical facility has not been a straightforward process. Problems of implementing ALARA have been confounded further by the efforts of regulatory agencies to incorporate the ALARA concept into regulations governing radiation exposures. To facilitate the implementation of ALARA as a workable construct in a clinical facility, guidelines are needed for its application to both individual and collective exposures to radiation. The provision of such guidelines, including action and inaction levels for both individual and collective exposures, are presented here.
多年来，各种咨询和监管组织制定的一系列指南和规则对个人的电离辐射暴露进行了限制。伴随着这些限制的是一个不断发展的原则，即个人和群体的暴露应保持在“合理可行尽量低”（ALARA）的水平，这与向社会提供辐射利用的益处相一致。虽然ALARA概念原则上是一个值得称赞的目标，但其在临床机构中的实施并非一个简单的过程。监管机构将ALARA概念纳入辐射暴露管理法规的努力，进一步加剧了实施ALARA的问题。为了便于在临床机构中将ALARA作为一个可行的概念加以实施，需要针对个人和集体辐射暴露应用ALARA的指南。本文给出了此类指南，包括个人和集体暴露的行动和不作为水平。
