Lieber R L, Blevins F T
Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
J Morphol. 1989 Jan;199(1):93-101. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051990108.
The muscle-fiber architecture of 29 muscles from six rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was measured in order to describe the muscular properties of this cursorial animal, which possesses several specific skeletal adaptations. Several muscles were placed into one of four functional groups: hamstrings, quadriceps, dorsiflexors, or plantarflexors, for statistical comparison of properties between groups. Antagonistic groups (i.e., hamstrings vs. quadriceps or dorsiflexors vs. plantarflexors) demonstrated significant differences in fiber length, fiber length/muscle length ratio, muscle mass, pinnation angle, and number of sarcomeres in series (P less than .02). Discriminant analysis permitted characterization of the "typical" muscle belonging to one of the four groups. The quadriceps were characterized by their large pinnation angles and low fiber length/mass ratios, suggesting a design for force production. Conversely, the hamstrings, with small pinnation angles, appeared to be designed to permit large excursions. Similar differences were observed between plantarflexors and dorsiflexors, which have architectural features that suit them for force production and excursion respectively. Although these differences were not absolute, they represented clear morphological distinctions that have functional consequences.
为了描述这种具有几种特定骨骼适应性的奔跑动物的肌肉特性，对六只兔子（穴兔）的29块肌肉的肌纤维结构进行了测量。将几块肌肉分为四个功能组之一：腘绳肌、股四头肌、背屈肌或跖屈肌，以便对各组之间的特性进行统计学比较。拮抗组（即腘绳肌与股四头肌或背屈肌与跖屈肌）在纤维长度、纤维长度/肌肉长度比、肌肉质量、羽状角和串联肌节数量上表现出显著差异（P小于0.02）。判别分析能够对属于这四个组之一的“典型”肌肉进行特征描述。股四头肌的特征是其较大的羽状角和较低的纤维长度/质量比，表明其设计用于产生力量。相反，腘绳肌的羽状角较小，似乎是为了允许大幅度运动而设计的。在跖屈肌和背屈肌之间也观察到了类似的差异，它们的结构特征分别适合于力量产生和运动。尽管这些差异不是绝对的，但它们代表了具有功能后果的明显形态学区别。
