Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2018 Jan;79(1):68-73. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.68.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and alcohol outlet density are associated with hazardous drinking using a co-twin design to control for confounding because of genetic and shared environmental factors.
The study sample included cross-sectional data from 1,996 same-sex adult twin pairs (mean age = 36.6; 65.9% female) from the Washington State Twin Registry. The Singh Index was used to characterize neighborhood social deprivation for participants' census tract of residence. Geocoded alcohol outlet data were used to create a measure of census tract alcohol outlet density. The three-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption scale (AUDIT-C) was used to measure the level of hazardous drinking. Poisson mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between neighborhood factors and AUDIT-C score. Covariates included household income, level of education completed, non-White race, sex, and rurality of residence.
Accounting for covariates, there was a statistically significant within-pair association between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and a higher level of hazardous drinking. There was no within-pair association between the density of alcohol outlets and hazardous drinking. Associations did not differ by zygosity.
The socioeconomic conditions of the neighborhood may play an important role in the development of alcohol misuse even after accounting for genetic and shared environmental influences. Twin designs may be a promising complementary approach to investigating the role of neighborhood characteristics on alcohol and substance use. Further research is needed to better understand the ways through which and for whom neighborhood characteristics may influence hazardous drinking.
本研究旨在通过同卵双胞胎设计来控制遗传和共享环境因素造成的混杂，检验邻里社会经济剥夺和酒精销售点密度与危险饮酒之间的关系。
研究样本包括来自华盛顿州双胞胎登记处的 1996 对同性成年双胞胎（平均年龄=36.6；65.9%为女性）的横断面数据。Singh 指数用于描述参与者居住的普查区的邻里社会剥夺程度。地理编码的酒精销售点数据用于创建普查区酒精销售点密度的衡量标准。三项目酒精使用障碍识别测试-消费量表（AUDIT-C）用于衡量危险饮酒程度。泊松混合效应模型用于检验邻里因素与 AUDIT-C 评分之间的关联。协变量包括家庭收入、完成的教育程度、非白种人种族、性别和居住的农村程度。
在考虑协变量的情况下，邻里社会经济剥夺与更高水平的危险饮酒之间存在统计学上显著的个体内关联。酒精销售点密度与危险饮酒之间不存在个体内关联。关联与同卵双生子无关。
即使在考虑遗传和共享环境影响后，邻里的社会经济条件可能在酒精滥用的发展中发挥重要作用。双胞胎设计可能是一种很有前途的补充方法，可用于研究邻里特征对酒精和物质使用的作用。需要进一步研究以更好地了解邻里特征可能通过何种方式以及对哪些人影响危险饮酒。
