Reynolds Institute on Aging and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Reynolds Institute on Aging and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Clin Nutr. 2018 Feb;37(1):130-138. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.11.017. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
Protein is the only dietary macronutrient required for life. As such, it is reasonable to consider dietary protein as the centerpiece of a healthy eating pattern. To do so requires consideration of what type of protein should be eaten. Account should be taken of the quality of the protein, the density of the protein in the protein food source, and the non-protein components of protein food source. The quality of protein can be quantified based on the amount and profile of essential amino acids (EAAs), as well as the true ileal digestibility of the EAAs in the protein. The density of protein in a food source can be quantified on the basis of the amount of total calories ingested to achieve intake of the daily requirement of all EAAs. Non-protein components of protein food sources can be considered in terms of the amount and nature of fat, carbohydrate and fiber, as well as the content of micronutrients. Potential beneficial effects of high-quality protein food sources should be balanced against any possible adverse effects. When all of these factors are considered we conclude that animal-based protein foods (e.g., eggs, dairy, meat, fish, poultry) occupy an important place in a healthy eating pattern.
蛋白质是生命所需的唯一膳食宏量营养素。因此，将膳食蛋白质视为健康饮食模式的核心是合理的。要做到这一点，需要考虑应该吃哪种类型的蛋白质。应该考虑蛋白质的质量、蛋白质食物来源的蛋白质密度以及蛋白质食物来源的非蛋白质成分。蛋白质的质量可以根据必需氨基酸（EAA）的数量和分布，以及蛋白质中 EAA 的真回肠消化率来量化。食物来源中蛋白质的密度可以根据摄入的总卡路里量来量化，以实现每日所有 EAA 的需求摄入量。蛋白质食物来源的非蛋白质成分可以根据脂肪、碳水化合物和纤维的含量以及微量营养素的含量来考虑。高质量蛋白质食物来源的潜在有益影响应与任何可能的不利影响相平衡。当考虑到所有这些因素时，我们得出结论，动物源性蛋白质食物（例如，鸡蛋、奶制品、肉类、鱼类、家禽）在健康饮食模式中占有重要地位。
