Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
Department of Pharmacy, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Feb;38(2):217-234. doi: 10.1002/phar.2068. Epub 2018 Jan 5.
Biological disasters can be natural, accidental, or intentional. Biological threats have made a lasting impact on civilization. This review focuses on agents of clinical significance, bioterrorism, and national security, specifically Category A agents (anthrax, botulism, plague, tularemia, and smallpox), as well as briefly discusses other naturally emerging infections of public health significance, Ebola virus (also a Category A agent) and Zika virus. The role of pharmacists in disaster preparedness and disaster response is multifaceted and important. Their expertise includes clinical knowledge, which can aid in drug information consultation, patient-specific treatment decision making, and development of local treatment plans. To fulfill this role, pharmacists must have a comprehensive understanding of medical countermeasures for these significant biological threats across all health care settings. New and reemerging infectious disease threats will continue to challenge the world. Pharmacists will be at the forefront of preparedness and response, sharing knowledge and clinical expertise with responders, official decision makers, and the general public.
生物灾害可能是自然的、意外的或人为的。生物威胁对文明产生了持久的影响。本综述重点介绍了具有临床意义、生物恐怖主义和国家安全意义的病原体，具体包括 A 类病原体（炭疽、肉毒梭菌、鼠疫、兔热病和天花），并简要讨论了其他具有公共卫生意义的自然出现的传染病，如埃博拉病毒（也是 A 类病原体）和寨卡病毒。药剂师在灾难准备和应对中的作用是多方面的，也是非常重要的。他们的专业知识包括临床知识，这有助于药物信息咨询、针对患者的治疗决策制定以及制定当地治疗计划。为了发挥这一作用，药剂师必须全面了解所有医疗环境中这些重大生物威胁的医疗对策。新出现和重新出现的传染病威胁将继续挑战世界。药剂师将处于准备和应对的最前沿，与应急人员、官方决策者和公众分享知识和临床专业知识。
