a School of Media and Journalism , University of North Carolina.
b Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina.
Health Commun. 2019 Mar;34(3):333-342. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1407276. Epub 2017 Dec 13.
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act requires the US government to inform the public about the quantities of toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke. A website can accomplish this task efficiently, but the site's user interface must be usable to benefit the general public. We conducted online experiments with national convenience samples of 1,451 US adult smokers and nonsmokers to examine the impact of four interface display elements: the chemicals, their associated health effects, quantity information, and a visual risk indicator. Outcomes were perceptions of user experience (perceived clarity and usability), motivation (willingness to use), and potential impact (elaboration about the harms of smoking). We found displaying health effects as text with icons, providing quantity information for chemicals (e.g., ranges), and showing a visual risk indicator all improved the user experience of a webpage about chemicals in cigarette smoke (all p < .05). Displaying a combination of familiar and unfamiliar chemicals, providing quantity information for chemicals, and showing a visual risk indicator all improved motivation to use the webpage (all p < .05). Displaying health effects or quantity information increased the potential impact of the webpage (all p < .05). Overall, interface designs displaying health effects of chemicals in cigarette smoke as text with icons and with a visual risk indicator had the greatest impact on the user experience, motivation, and potential impact of the website. Our findings provide guidance for accessible website designs that can inform consumers about the toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke.
《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法案》要求美国政府向公众通报香烟烟雾中有毒化学物质的含量。一个网站可以有效地完成这项任务，但网站的用户界面必须是可用的，才能使广大公众受益。我们对全国 1451 名美国成年吸烟者和不吸烟者的便利样本进行了在线实验，以检验四种界面显示元素的影响：化学物质、它们与健康相关的影响、数量信息和视觉风险指标。结果是对用户体验（感知清晰度和可用性）、动机（使用意愿）和潜在影响（对吸烟危害的阐述）的看法。我们发现，用图标显示健康影响、提供化学物质的数量信息（例如，范围）以及显示视觉风险指标都可以改善关于香烟烟雾中化学物质的网页的用户体验（所有 p 值均小于 0.05）。显示熟悉和不熟悉的化学物质组合、提供化学物质的数量信息以及显示视觉风险指标都可以提高使用网页的动机（所有 p 值均小于 0.05）。显示健康影响或数量信息增加了网页的潜在影响（所有 p 值均小于 0.05）。总的来说，以图标和视觉风险指标显示香烟烟雾中化学物质的健康影响的界面设计对网站的用户体验、动机和潜在影响产生了最大的影响。我们的研究结果为能够告知消费者香烟烟雾中有毒化学物质的可访问网站设计提供了指导。
