School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
Prev Med. 2018 Jan;106:31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.005. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
US law requires the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to disclose information on harmful and potentially harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke (i.e., constituents) to the public. To inform this effort, we sought to identify principles for creating constituent messages that effectively discourage smoking. Participants were an online convenience sample of 1148 US smokers ages 18+. We developed a library of 76 messages about constituents only and constituents plus contextualizing information (i.e., toxic products that also contain the chemical, health effects, or both). We randomized smokers to receive 1 message from each of 7 message panels in a mixed between-/within-subjects experiment. Participants rated each message on perceived message effectiveness. Results indicated that smokers perceived messages about arsenic, formaldehyde, lead, uranium, and ammonia as more effective than messages about nitrosamines. Messages that contained information on toxic products, health effects, or both received higher effectiveness ratings than constituent-only messages. Among constituent-only messages, those that referenced multiple constituents received higher effectiveness ratings than those with fewer constituents. We conclude that chemical messages may have more impact if they pair known constituents with toxic product or health effect information. These message principles can be used to inform studies examining the impact of constituent messages on smoking beliefs and behavior.
美国法律要求食品和药物管理局（FDA）向公众披露香烟烟雾中有害和潜在有害化学物质（即成分）的信息。为了支持这一工作，我们试图确定制定有效劝阻吸烟的成分信息的原则。参与者是一个由 1148 名年龄在 18 岁以上的美国吸烟者组成的在线便利样本。我们开发了一个包含 76 条关于成分和上下文信息（即含有该化学物质的有毒产品、健康影响或两者兼有）的信息库。我们在混合的被试间/被试内实验中，将吸烟者随机分配到 7 个信息面板中的每个面板接收 1 条信息。参与者对每条信息的感知信息有效性进行了评分。结果表明，吸烟者认为关于砷、甲醛、铅、铀和氨的信息比关于亚硝胺的信息更有效。包含关于有毒产品、健康影响或两者的信息的信息比仅包含成分的信息收到更高的有效性评分。在仅包含成分的信息中，那些提到多种成分的信息比那些提到较少成分的信息收到更高的有效性评分。我们得出结论，如果化学信息将已知成分与有毒产品或健康影响信息结合起来，可能会产生更大的影响。这些信息原则可以用于研究成分信息对吸烟信念和行为的影响。
