Ronel Natti, Ben Yair Y
1 Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2018 May;62(7):2081-2102. doi: 10.1177/0306624X17693865. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Throughout the ages and in most cultures, spiritual and religious thinking have dealt extensively with offending (person against person and person against the Divine), the response to offending, and rehabilitation of offenders. Although modern criminology has generally overlooked that body of knowledge and experience, the study of spirituality and its relation to criminology is currently growing. Frequently, though, it is conducted from the secular scientific perspective, thus reducing spiritual knowledge into what is already known. Our aim here is to present a complementary perspective; that is, spiritual criminology that emerges from the spiritual perspective. Following a description of the state-of-the-art in criminological research concerning spirituality and its impact upon individuals, we focus on Jewish criminology as an illustrative case study, and present a spiritual Jewish view on good and evil, including factors that lead to criminality, the issue of free choice, the aim of punishment and societal response, crime desistance, rehabilitation, and prevention. The proposed establishment of spiritual criminology can be further developed by including parallel schools of spirituality, to create an integrated field in criminology.
古往今来，在大多数文化中，精神和宗教思想广泛探讨了冒犯行为（人与人之间以及人与神之间）、对冒犯行为的回应以及冒犯者的改过自新。尽管现代犯罪学通常忽视了这一知识和经验体系，但目前关于灵性及其与犯罪学关系的研究正在不断发展。然而，这类研究往往是从世俗科学的角度进行的，从而将精神知识简化为已知的内容。我们在此的目的是提出一个互补的视角；也就是说，从精神视角出发的精神犯罪学。在描述了犯罪学研究中关于灵性及其对个人影响的最新状况之后，我们将重点放在犹太犯罪学上作为一个说明性的案例研究，并呈现犹太关于善恶的精神观点，包括导致犯罪的因素、自由选择的问题、惩罚的目的和社会回应、停止犯罪、改过自新以及预防。通过纳入平行的灵性流派，精神犯罪学的提议建立可以得到进一步发展，从而在犯罪学中创建一个综合领域。
