Várbíró Gábor, Görgényi Judit, Tóthmérész Béla, Padisák Judit, Hajnal Éva, Borics Gábor
Department of Tisza Research MTA Centre for Ecological Research Debrecen Hungary.
MTA Centre for Ecological Research GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group Tihany Hungary.
Ecol Evol. 2017 Oct 20;7(23):9905-9913. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3512. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Although species-area relationship (SAR) is among the most extensively studied patterns in ecology, studies on aquatic and/or microbial systems are seriously underrepresented in the literature. We tested the algal SAR in lakes, pools and ponds of various sizes (10-10 m) and similar hydromorphological and trophic characteristics using species-specific data and functional groups. Besides the expectation that species richness increases monotonously with area, we found a right-skewed hump-shaped relationship between the area and phytoplankton species richness. Functional richness however did not show such distortion. Differences between the area dependence of species and functional richness indicate that functional redundancy is responsible for the unusual hump-backed SAR. We demonstrated that the Small Island Effect, which is a characteristic for macroscopic SARs can also be observed for the phytoplankton. Our results imply a so-called large lake effect, which means that in case of large lakes, wind-induced mixing acts strongly against the habitat diversity and development of phytoplankton patchiness and finally results in lower phytoplankton species richness in the pelagial. High functional redundancy of the groups that prefer small-scale heterogeneity of the habitats is responsible for the unusual humpback relationship. The results lead us to conclude that although the mechanisms that regulate the richness of both microbial communities and communities of macroscopic organisms are similar, their importance can be different in micro- and macroscales.
尽管物种 - 面积关系（SAR）是生态学中研究最为广泛的模式之一，但关于水生和/或微生物系统的研究在文献中却严重不足。我们使用物种特异性数据和功能组，对各种大小（10⁻¹⁰ m）且具有相似水文形态和营养特征的湖泊、水塘和池塘中的藻类SAR进行了测试。除了预期物种丰富度会随面积单调增加外，我们还发现面积与浮游植物物种丰富度之间呈右偏驼峰状关系。然而，功能丰富度并未表现出这种扭曲。物种丰富度和功能丰富度在面积依赖性上的差异表明，功能冗余是导致异常驼峰状SAR的原因。我们证明，宏观SAR的一个特征——小岛效应，在浮游植物中也能观察到。我们的结果意味着存在一种所谓的大湖效应，即对于大湖泊而言，风力驱动的混合作用强烈地抑制了浮游植物斑块性的栖息地多样性和发展，最终导致湖泊中浮游植物物种丰富度较低。偏好小规模栖息地异质性的功能组具有较高的功能冗余，这是导致异常驼峰关系的原因。这些结果使我们得出结论，尽管调节微生物群落和宏观生物群落丰富度的机制相似，但它们在微观和宏观尺度上的重要性可能不同。
