Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018 Apr;137(4):287-295. doi: 10.1111/acps.12842. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
To assess excess mortality among suicide attempters compared to the general population.
Remaining life expectancy was calculated for a nationwide cohort of all 187 894 persons 18 years or older hospitalised for the first time attempted suicide in Sweden in 1971-2010.
Life expectancy was shortened throughout the lifespan for both men and women debuting with suicide attempt. The reduction in life expectancy for men debuting with a suicide attempt at 20 years of age was 18 years while the reduction for men debuting at 50 years of age was 10 years. For women attempting suicide, the life expectancy was shortened by 11 and 8 years respectively. The gender difference in life expectancy attenuated in patients making their first suicide attempt at age 70 years or older. Suicide deaths explained about 20% of the total mortality within 10 years of the suicide attempt and 5% in those with duration of four decades since the first suicide attempt.
The life expectancy is dramatically reduced in patients attempting suicide. With most excess deaths being due to physical health conditions, public efforts should be directed both towards improving physical health and to prevent suicide.
评估自杀未遂者与普通人群相比的超额死亡率。
计算了 1971 年至 2010 年期间在瑞典首次因自杀企图住院的所有 18 岁及以上的 187894 名患者的预期余寿。
对于首次出现自杀企图的男性和女性，整个生命周期的预期寿命都缩短了。20 岁首次出现自杀企图的男性预期寿命缩短了 18 年，而 50 岁首次出现自杀企图的男性预期寿命缩短了 10 年。对于女性自杀未遂者，预期寿命分别缩短了 11 年和 8 年。在首次自杀尝试年龄在 70 岁或以上的患者中，性别差异导致的预期寿命差异减弱。在自杀企图后 10 年内，自杀死亡约占总死亡率的 20%，在首次自杀企图后 40 年的患者中占 5%。
自杀未遂患者的预期寿命显著缩短。由于大多数超额死亡是由于身体健康状况，公共努力应同时致力于改善身体健康和预防自杀。
