Rajaram Azad, Vanaja G R, Vyakaranam Preeti, Rachamallu Aparna, Reddy Gorla V, Anilkumar Kotha, Arunasree Kalle M, Dhyani Anurag, Prasad Narapureddy Krishna, Sharma Sakshee, Chandra Joshi Mahesh, Kimothi Gaya Prasad, Brindavanam N B, Reddanna Pallu
Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
Dabur Research & Development Centre, 22, Site-IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, India.
J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2018 Apr-Jun;9(2):90-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.03.006. Epub 2017 Nov 26.
Aegle marmelos (Bilva) is being used in Ayurveda for the treatment of several inflammatory disorders. The plant is a member of a fixed dose combination of Dashamoola in Ayurveda. However, the usage of roots/root bark or stems is associated with sustainability concerns.
The present study is aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory properties of different extracts of young roots (year wise) and mature parts of Bilva plants collected from different geographical locations in India, so as to identify a sustainable source for Ayurvedic formulation.
A total of 191 extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous) of roots, stems and leaves of A. marmelos (collected from Gujarat, Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh region) were tested for anti-inflammatory effects in vitro on isolated target enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA), cytokine profiling in LPS induced mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell line and in vivo carrageenan induced paw edema in mice.
Of 191 extracts, 44 extracts showed COX-2 inhibition and 38 extracts showed COX-1 inhibition, while none showed 5-LOX inhibition. Cytokine analysis of the 44 extracts showing inhibition of COX-2 suggested that only 17 extracts modulated the cytokines by increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 and reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, MIP1-α and IL-6. The young (2 and 3 years) roots of Bilva plants from Gujarat and young (1 yr) roots from Odisha showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines. These three extracts have also shown in vivo anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that in adult stem and root barks.
The present study reveals that young roots of Bilva plants from Gujarat and Odisha region could form a sustainable source for use in Ayurvedic formulations with anti-inflammatory activities. The present study also indicates that the region in which the plants are grown and the age of the plants play an important role in exhibiting the anti-inflammatory effect.
印度醋栗（Bilva）在阿育吠陀医学中用于治疗多种炎症性疾病。该植物是阿育吠陀医学中达沙穆拉固定剂量组合的成员之一。然而，其根/根皮或茎的使用存在可持续性问题。
本研究旨在比较从印度不同地理位置采集的印度醋栗幼根（按年份）和成熟部位的不同提取物的抗炎特性，以确定阿育吠陀配方的可持续来源。
对总共191种印度醋栗根、茎和叶的提取物（石油醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇和水提取物，采集自古吉拉特邦、马哈拉施特拉邦、奥里萨邦、恰蒂斯加尔邦、卡纳塔克邦和安得拉邦地区）进行体外抗炎作用测试，检测对象包括分离的靶酶环氧合酶-1（COX-1）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和5-脂氧合酶（5-LOX），淋巴细胞增殖试验（LPA），脂多糖诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞（RAW 264.7）细胞系中的细胞因子谱分析，以及体内角叉菜胶诱导的小鼠足爪肿胀试验。
在191种提取物中，44种提取物显示出COX-2抑制作用，38种提取物显示出COX-1抑制作用，而没有提取物显示出5-LOX抑制作用。对显示COX-2抑制作用的44种提取物进行细胞因子分析表明，只有17种提取物通过增加抗炎细胞因子IL-2并减少促炎细胞因子如IL-1β、MIP1-α和IL-6来调节细胞因子。来自古吉拉特邦的印度醋栗2年和3年生幼根以及来自奥里萨邦的1年生幼根通过抑制促炎细胞因子和诱导抗炎细胞因子表现出最强的抗炎活性。这三种提取物在体内的抗炎活性也与成年茎和根皮相当。
本研究表明，来自古吉拉特邦和奥里萨邦地区的印度醋栗幼根可成为具有抗炎活性的阿育吠陀配方的可持续来源。本研究还表明，植物生长的地区和植物的年龄在发挥抗炎作用方面起着重要作用。
