Sawyer Alexia D M, Jones Russell, Ucci Marcella, Smith Lee, Kearns Ade, Fisher Abi
Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Third Floor, Olympia Building, Bridgeton Cross, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 14;12(12):e0188962. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188962. eCollection 2017.
Understanding the environmental determinants of physical activity in populations at high risk of inactivity could contribute to the development of effective interventions. Socioecological models of activity propose that environmental factors have independent and interactive effects of physical activity but there is a lack of research into interactive effects.
This study aimed to explore independent and interactive effects of social and physical environmental factors on self-reported physical activity in income-deprived communities.
Participants were 5,923 adults in Glasgow, United Kingdom. Features of the social environment were self-reported. Quality of the physical environment was objectively-measured. Neighbourhood walking and participation in moderate physical activity [MPA] on ≥5 days/week was self-reported. Multilevel multivariate logistic regression models tested independent and interactive effects of environmental factors on activity.
'Social support' (walking: OR:1.22,95%CI = 1.06-1.41,p<0.01; MPA: OR:0.79,95%CI = 0.67-0.94,p<0.01), 'social interaction' (walking: OR:1.25,95%CI = 1.10-1.42,p<0.01; MPA: OR:6.16,95%CI = 5.14-7.37,p<0.001) and 'cohesion and safety' (walking: OR:1.78,95%CI = 1.56-2.03,p<0.001; MPA: OR:1.93,95%CI = 1.65-2.27,p<0.001), but not 'trust and empowerment', had independent effects on physical activity. 'Aesthetics of built form' (OR:1.47,95%CI = 1.22-1.77,p<0.001) and 'aesthetics and maintenance of open space' (OR:1.32, 95%CI = 1.13-1.54,p<0.01) were related to walking. 'Physical disorder' (OR:1.63,95%CI = 1.31-2.03,p<0.001) had an independent effect on MPA. Interactive effects of social and physical factors on walking and MPA were revealed.
Findings suggest that intervening to create activity-supportive environments in deprived communities may be most effective when simultaneously targeting the social and physical neighbourhood environment.
了解缺乏运动高风险人群身体活动的环境决定因素有助于制定有效的干预措施。活动的社会生态模型表明，环境因素对身体活动具有独立和交互作用，但缺乏对交互作用的研究。
本研究旨在探讨社会和物理环境因素对收入贫困社区自我报告的身体活动的独立和交互作用。
参与者为英国格拉斯哥的5923名成年人。社会环境特征由自我报告获得。物理环境质量通过客观测量获得。邻里步行情况以及每周≥5天参与中等强度身体活动（MPA）的情况由自我报告获得。多水平多变量逻辑回归模型检验环境因素对活动的独立和交互作用。
“社会支持”（步行：比值比[OR]：1.22，95%置信区间[CI] = 1.06 - 1.41，p<0.01；MPA：OR：0.79，95%CI = 0.67 - 0.94，p<0.01）、“社会互动”（步行：OR：1.25，95%CI = 1.10 - 1.42，p<0.01；MPA：OR：6.16，95%CI = 5.14 - 7.37，p<0.001）和“凝聚力与安全性”（步行：OR：1.78，95%CI = 1.56 - 2.03，p<0.001；MPA：OR：1.93，95%CI = 1.65 - 2.27，p<0.001），但不包括“信任与赋权”，对身体活动具有独立影响。“建筑形式美学”（OR：1.47，95%CI = 1.22 - 1.77，p<0.001）和“开放空间美学与维护”（OR：1.32，95%CI = 1.13 - 1.54，p<0.01）与步行有关。“物理紊乱”（OR：1.63，95%CI = 1.31 - 2.03，p<0.001）对MPA具有独立影响。揭示了社会和物理因素对步行和MPA 的交互作用。
研究结果表明，在贫困社区干预营造支持活动的环境时，同时针对社会和邻里物理环境可能最为有效。
