Carver A, Chell K, Davison T E, Masser B M
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
Vox Sang. 2018 Apr;113(3):205-219. doi: 10.1111/vox.12625. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
Effective recruitment and retention of male donors are vital for the ongoing provision of blood products. Compared with females, male donors are less likely to be medically deferred or experience vasovagal reactions and are typically preferred for plasmapheresis donation in voluntary non-remunerated settings. However, females outnumber males among donors aged under 40 years. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence and identify key motivators for blood donation among males to inform targeted recruitment/retention campaigns.
Databases (e.g. EBSCOhost, Web of Science) were searched using terms (dona* OR dono*) AND (blood OR aphaeresis OR apheresis OR plasma* OR platelet* OR platlet*) in title AND (male OR gender OR sex OR female) AND (motivat* OR intention OR attitude OR behavi* OR predictor OR barrier OR deter*) NOT (organ OR sperm OR tissue OR autologous OR oocyte) in text. Two researchers independently systematically scanned quantitative, full-text, English language, peer-reviewed publications from 1990 to 2015 that examined males/females separately with outcomes of blood donation or self-reported intention. Two additional researchers resolved discrepancies.
Among 28 identified articles, the most frequently cited motivators for male blood product donation were as follows: altruism; positive attitude towards incentives; health check(s); subjective norms. Altruism was less pronounced among males compared with females and was combined with 'warm glow' in novice males (impure altruism). Perceived health benefits and incentives (e.g. coffee mugs) were stronger motivators of males than females.
Marketing campaigns for recruitment/retention of male donors should focus on identified motivators rather than take a 'one-size-fits-all' approach.
有效招募和留住男性献血者对于持续供应血液制品至关重要。与女性相比，男性献血者因医学原因被推迟献血或发生血管迷走神经反应的可能性较小，在自愿无偿献血的环境中，血浆单采通常更倾向于选择男性。然而，在40岁以下的献血者中，女性数量超过男性。本系统评价旨在综合证据并确定男性献血的关键动机，为有针对性的招募/保留活动提供参考。
使用标题中包含（dona* 或 dono*）以及（blood 或 aphaeresis 或 apheresis 或 plasma* 或 platelet* 或 platlet*）、文本中包含（male 或 gender 或 sex 或 female）以及（motivat* 或 intention 或 attitude 或 behavi* 或 predictor 或 barrier 或 deter*）且不包含（organ 或 sperm 或 tissue 或 autologous 或 oocyte）的检索词，对数据库（如 EBSCOhost、科学网）进行检索。两名研究人员独立系统地筛选了1990年至2015年期间的定量、全文、英文、同行评审的出版物，这些出版物分别对男性/女性进行了研究，结果涉及献血或自我报告的献血意愿。另外两名研究人员解决了分歧。
在28篇已识别的文章中，男性捐献血液制品最常被提及的动机如下：利他主义；对激励措施的积极态度；健康检查；主观规范。与女性相比，利他主义在男性中不那么明显，并且在新手男性中与“温暖的感觉”相结合（不纯利他主义）。感知到的健康益处和激励措施（如咖啡杯）对男性的激励作用比对女性更强。
招募/留住男性献血者的营销活动应侧重于已确定的动机，而不是采取“一刀切”的方法。
