Maravillas-Montero José Luis, Martínez-Cortés Ismael
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Ciudad de México, México.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2017 Oct-Dec;64(4):463-476. doi: 10.29262/ram.v64i4.285.
Cells release several biomolecules to the extracellular environment using them as a communication alternative with neighbor cells. Besides these molecules, cells also release more complex elements, like vesicles; structures composed of a lipidic bilayer with transmembrane proteins that protect a hydrophilic content. Exosomes are a small subtype of vesicles (30-150 nm), produced by many cell types, such as tumor cells, neurons, epithelial cells and immune cells. Included in this last group, antigen presenting cells produce exosomes that contain different types of molecules depending on their activation and/or maturation state. In recent years there has been an exponential interest in exosomes due to the recent evidences that show the immunomodulatory properties of these vesicles and therefore, their great potential in diagnostic approaches and development of therapies for different inflammation-associated pathologies.
细胞向细胞外环境释放多种生物分子，将其作为与相邻细胞进行交流的一种方式。除了这些分子外，细胞还会释放更复杂的成分，如囊泡；囊泡是由带有跨膜蛋白的脂质双层构成的结构，可保护亲水性内含物。外泌体是囊泡的一种小亚型（30 - 150纳米），由多种细胞类型产生，如肿瘤细胞、神经元、上皮细胞和免疫细胞。在最后一组细胞中，抗原呈递细胞产生的外泌体根据其激活和/或成熟状态含有不同类型的分子。近年来，由于最近有证据表明这些囊泡具有免疫调节特性，因此对外泌体的研究呈指数级增长，其在诊断方法和针对不同炎症相关疾病的治疗开发中具有巨大潜力。
