Saxena Rohit, Vashist Praveen, Tandon Radhika, Pandey Ravindra M, Bhardawaj Amit, Gupta Vivek, Menon Vimala
Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 18;12(12):e0189774. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189774. eCollection 2017.
To evaluate the incidence and progression of myopia and factors associated with progression of myopia in school going children in Delhi.
Prospective longitudinal study of 10,000 school children aged 5 to 15 years screened after an interval of 1 year to identify new myopes (Spherical Equivalent≤ -0.5D) and progression of myopia in previously diagnosed myopic children. Association between risk factors and progression was analyzed using adjusted odds ratio.
Of the 9,616 children re-screened (97.3% coverage), annual incidence of myopia was 3.4%with mean dioptric change of -1.09 ± 0.55. There was a significant higher incidence of myopia in younger children compared to older children (P = 0.012) and among girls compared to boys (P = 0.002). Progression was observed in 49.2%children with mean dioptric change of -0.27 ± 0.42 diopters. The demographic and behavioral risk factors were analyzed for children with progression (n = 629) and adjusted odds ratio values were estimated. Hours of reading-writing/week (p<0.001), use of computers/ video games (P<0.001) and watching television (P = 0.048) were significant risk factors for progression of myopia. Outdoor activities / time spent outdoors> 2 hours in a day were protective with an inverse association with progression of myopia (P< 0.001).
Myopia is an important health issue in India and is associated with long hours of reading and screen time with use of computers and video games. An annual eye vision screening should be conducted, and outdoor activities be promoted to prevent the increase of myopia among school children.
评估德里在校儿童近视的发病率、进展情况以及与近视进展相关的因素。
对10000名5至15岁的在校儿童进行前瞻性纵向研究，每隔1年进行筛查，以确定新的近视患者（等效球镜度数≤-0.5D）以及先前诊断为近视的儿童近视的进展情况。使用调整后的优势比分析风险因素与进展之间的关联。
在重新筛查的9616名儿童中（覆盖率97.3%），近视的年发病率为3.4%，平均屈光度变化为-1.09±0.55。与年龄较大的儿童相比，年龄较小的儿童近视发病率显著更高（P=0.012），女孩的近视发病率高于男孩（P=0.002）。49.2%的儿童出现了近视进展，平均屈光度变化为-0.27±0.42D。对出现进展的儿童（n=629）的人口统计学和行为风险因素进行了分析，并估计了调整后的优势比值。每周读写时间（p<0.001）、使用电脑/电子游戏（P<0.001）和看电视（P=0.048）是近视进展的显著风险因素。每天户外活动/在户外度过的时间>2小时具有保护作用，与近视进展呈负相关（P<0.001）。
近视在印度是一个重要的健康问题，与长时间阅读以及使用电脑和电子游戏的屏幕时间有关。应每年进行一次视力筛查，并推广户外活动以预防在校儿童近视的增加。
