Singh Neeraj Kumar, James Ritika M, Yadav Avdhesh, Kumar Rishikesh, Asthana Smita, Labani Satyanarayana
Borish Center for Ophthalmic Research, School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Optom Vis Sci. 2019 Mar;96(3):200-205. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001344.
Studies reporting the prevalence and associated risk factors of myopia among schoolchildren in India are limited. Knowledge about the prevalence and the modifiable risk factors associated with myopia development will help in planning cost-effective strategies to prevent its progression in India.
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated behavioral risk factors of myopia in schoolchildren in Gurugram, Haryana, in north India.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on schoolchildren (aged 5 to 15 years) from two private schools in Gurugram. Visual acuity was measured using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart. Myopia was defined as the spherical equivalent refractive error of at least -0.50 D in the better eye. Information on the child's habits and lifestyle, study hours, hours of playing video games, and outdoor playtime were obtained using a questionnaire. Association of behavioral risk factors was analyzed for children with and without myopia, and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for each factor was estimated.
A total of 1234 children (mean ± SD age, 10.5 ± 3 years; 59% boys) were screened. Myopia prevalence was found to be 21.1% (n = 261; mean ± SD age, 11 ± 2 years; 52% boys). The mean ± SD myopic spherical error was -1.94 ± 0.92 D. The prevalence of myopia was found to be higher (27%; 95% confidence interval, 23 to 30.6; OR, 3.19 [2.13 to 4.76]) among older children (9 to 12 years). Prevalence of myopia was more in boys (25%; 95% confidence interval, 21.1 to 28.8) compared with girls (P < .01). A positive association of presence of myopia was observed with children studying more than 4 hours per day (P < .008) and with children playing computer/video/mobile games more than 2 hours per day (P < .001). A protective effect was observed in children with outdoor activities/play for more than 1.5 hours per day (OR, 0.01 [0.00 to 0.06]).
Myopia is a major public health concern, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly among schoolchildren in India. There is a pressing need to develop cost-effective strategies to prevent this cause of vision impairment, which can be easily treated with optical interventions.
关于印度学童近视患病率及相关风险因素的研究有限。了解近视患病率及其与近视发展相关的可改变风险因素，将有助于制定具有成本效益的策略，以防止其在印度的进展。
本研究的目的是评估印度北部哈里亚纳邦古鲁格拉姆市学童近视的患病率及相关行为风险因素。
本横断面研究针对古鲁格拉姆市两所私立学校的学童（5至15岁）进行。使用糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究图表测量视力。近视定义为较好眼的等效球镜屈光不正至少为-0.50D。通过问卷获取有关儿童习惯和生活方式、学习时间、玩电子游戏时间和户外活动时间的信息。分析有近视和无近视儿童的行为风险因素关联，并估计每个因素的调整优势比（OR）。
共筛查了1234名儿童（平均±标准差年龄，10.5±3岁；59%为男孩）。发现近视患病率为21.1%（n = 261；平均±标准差年龄，11±2岁；52%为男孩）。近视等效球镜误差的平均值±标准差为-1.94±0.92D。在年龄较大的儿童（9至12岁）中，近视患病率较高（27%；95%置信区间，23至30.6；OR，3.19[2.13至4.76]）。与女孩相比，男孩的近视患病率更高（25%；95%置信区间，21.1至28.8）（P <.01）。观察到近视与每天学习超过4小时的儿童（P <.008）以及每天玩电脑/视频/手机游戏超过2小时的儿童（P <.001）呈正相关。在每天进行户外活动/玩耍超过1.5小时的儿童中观察到保护作用（OR，0.01[0.00至0.06]）。
近视是一个主要的公共卫生问题，在印度学童中其患病率正在迅速上升。迫切需要制定具有成本效益的策略来预防这种视力损害原因，通过光学干预可以很容易地进行治疗。
