Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
Br Med Bull. 2017 Dec 1;124(1):157-169. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldx038v1.
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Since 2015, an epidemic of Zika virus spread across the Americas. This coincided with an increased incidence of microcephaly reported at birth in Brazil, with subsequent evidence of a causal association.
Systemic reviews, observational studies, public health organizations.
Zika virus causes microcephaly and brain abnormalities in infants born to mothers infected during or shortly before pregnancy. Zika virus is a trigger for Guillain Barre Syndrome. Whilst mosquito bite is the main route of transmission, sexual transmission is another confirmed route.
Uncertainty remains regarding the proportion of Zika-infected pregnancies that will give rise to a significantly affected infant.
The development of a vaccine remains a priority whilst public health efforts continue to educate at risk populations on reducing transmission.
Follow-up studies of affected infants are vital to inform on prognosis and guide screening programmes of the future.
简介/背景：自 2015 年以来，寨卡病毒疫情在美洲各地蔓延。与此同时，巴西报告称出生时小头畸形的发病率上升，随后有证据表明存在因果关联。
系统评价、观察性研究、公共卫生组织。
寨卡病毒可导致母亲在怀孕期间或怀孕前不久感染的婴儿出现小头畸形和大脑异常。寨卡病毒是引发格林-巴利综合征的一个因素。虽然蚊子叮咬是主要的传播途径，但性传播也是另一种已确认的途径。
仍不确定寨卡病毒感染的孕妇中会有多大比例导致婴儿受到严重影响。
疫苗的开发仍然是当务之急，而公共卫生工作仍在继续向高危人群进行教育，以减少传播。
对受影响婴儿的后续研究对于告知预后和指导未来的筛查计划至关重要。
