Nava Alessandra, Shimabukuro Juliana Suieko, Chmura Aleksei A, Luz Sérgio Luiz Bessa
Alessandra Nava, PhD, is a researcher at FIOCRUZ ILMD in Manaus, Brazil. Dr. Nava is part of Cnpq Research Group Ecology of Transmissible Diseases in Amazon, serves on the executive board of the International Association for Ecology and Health, and IUCN Peccaries specialist group. Juliana Suieko Shimabukuro, MSc, is a PhD student at University of São Paulo in São Paulo, Brazil. Aleksei A. Chmura, BSc, is a program coordinator at EcoHealth Alliance in New York, NY, USA and a PhD student at Kingston University in London, United Kingdom. Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz, PhD, is Director at Instituto Lêonidas e Maria Deane FIOCRUZ Amazônia in Amazonas, Brazil.
ILAR J. 2017 Dec 15;58(3):393-400. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilx034.
Environmental changes have a huge impact on the emergence and reemergence of certain infectious diseases, mostly in countries with high biodiversity and serious unresolved environmental, social, and economic issues. This article summarizes the most important findings with special attention to Brazil and diseases of present public health importance in the country such as Chikungunya, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, leptospirosis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease. An extensive literature review revealed a relationship between infectious diseases outbreaks and climate change events (El Niño, La Niña, heatwaves, droughts, floods, increased temperature, higher rainfall, and others) or environmental changes (habitat fragmentation, deforestation, urbanization, bushmeat consumption, and others). To avoid or control outbreaks, integrated surveillance systems and effective outreach programs are essential. Due to strong global and local influence on emergence of infectious diseases, a more holistic approach is necessary to mitigate or control them in low-income nations.
环境变化对某些传染病的出现和再次出现产生了巨大影响，这种情况主要发生在生物多样性高且存在严重未解决的环境、社会和经济问题的国家。本文总结了最重要的研究结果，并特别关注巴西以及该国当前具有公共卫生重要性的疾病，如基孔肯雅热、登革热、黄热病、寨卡病毒病、汉坦病毒肺综合征、钩端螺旋体病、利什曼病和恰加斯病。广泛的文献综述揭示了传染病暴发与气候变化事件（厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜、热浪、干旱、洪水、气温升高、降雨量增加等）或环境变化（栖息地破碎化、森林砍伐、城市化、食用丛林肉等）之间的关系。为避免或控制疾病暴发，综合监测系统和有效的宣传项目至关重要。由于全球和地方对传染病出现有强大影响，在低收入国家减轻或控制这些疾病需要采取更全面的方法。
