Krkeljas Zarko
Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
Hum Mov Sci. 2018 Apr;58:315-320. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 16.
Changes in gait and postural control during pregnancy may lead to increased fall rates during walking relative to non-pregnant women. Due to lack of empirical evidence on balance and postural control in dynamic conditions, the primary aim of this study was investigate the changes in gait and postural control as factors of stability during walking. Gait and posture of thirty-five (35) pregnant women (27 ± 6.1 years) were analysed at self-selected walking speed, and at different stage of pregnancy. The results indicate that although the gait kinematics did not differ between the trimesters, significant associations were noted between the step width, the lateral trunk lean, and the medio-lateral deviations in centre of gravity and centre of pressure. In contrast to the static conditions, anterior-posterior postural sway is not present during walking, whereas the lateral trunk lean is the primary factor women use in pregnancy to keep the centre of gravity closer to the base of support. Postural changes and those in gait kinematics were largely affected by the relative mass gain, rather than the absolute mass. Considering the importance of relative mass gain, more attention during healthy pregnancy should be given to monitoring the timing of onset of musculoskeletal changes, and design of antenatal exercise programs targeting core strength and pelvic stability.
与未怀孕女性相比，孕期步态和姿势控制的变化可能导致行走时跌倒率增加。由于缺乏动态条件下平衡和姿势控制的实证证据，本研究的主要目的是调查步态和姿势控制作为行走时稳定性因素的变化。对35名（27±6.1岁）孕妇在自选步行速度下以及孕期不同阶段的步态和姿势进行了分析。结果表明，尽管孕晚期之间的步态运动学没有差异，但步宽、躯干侧倾以及重心和压力中心的内外侧偏差之间存在显著关联。与静态条件不同，行走时不存在前后姿势摆动，而躯干侧倾是女性在孕期用于保持重心更接近支撑面的主要因素。姿势变化和步态运动学变化在很大程度上受相对体重增加的影响，而非绝对体重。考虑到相对体重增加的重要性，在健康孕期应更加关注监测肌肉骨骼变化开始的时间，以及设计针对核心力量和骨盆稳定性的产前运动计划。
