Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2018 Feb;391(2):197-206. doi: 10.1007/s00210-017-1449-1. Epub 2017 Dec 19.
The molecular study of muscles is needed to overcome chronic inflammation and maintenance of muscles in the human body. Schisandrin C is a pharmacological compound derived from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis and has many characteristics including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Schisandrin C are still not well understood especially in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the present study was evaluated whether the properties of Schisandrin C in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells involved maintenance of cellular homeostasis and protection against oxidative damage. Differentiated C2C12 cells were exposed to HO to induce oxidative stress. The characteristics of anti-oxidants, anti-inflammation, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis were tested by Western blotting. Confocal microscopy was also used to observe mitochondrial activity. Schisandrin C inhibited inflammatory molecules with enhancing anti-oxidant activity and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) even in the presence of HO. The dual anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant roles of Schisandrin C regulated the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) to nucleus followed by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Schisandrin C promoted the expression of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis molecules. Furthermore, the effect of Schisandrin C increased the mitochondrial activity against oxidative stress. Consequently, the action of Schisandrin C enhanced the regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis with potential involvement of anti-oxidative mechanisms including the MAPKs/Nrf-2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells exposed to oxidative stress. Therefore, Schisandrin C may be considered as a beneficial compound for several muscle inflammations.
为了克服人体慢性炎症和维持肌肉，需要对肌肉进行分子研究。五味子丙素是从五味子果实中提取的一种药理化合物，具有抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗氧化等多种特性。然而，五味子丙素的细胞和分子机制尚不完全清楚，特别是在骨骼肌中。因此，本研究评估了五味子丙素在 C2C12 骨骼肌细胞中的特性是否涉及维持细胞内稳态和防止氧化损伤。分化的 C2C12 细胞用 HO 诱导氧化应激。通过 Western blot 检测抗氧化剂、抗炎、自噬和线粒体生物发生的特性。共聚焦显微镜也用于观察线粒体活性。五味子丙素抑制炎症分子，增强抗氧化活性，减少活性氧 (ROS)，即使在 HO 存在的情况下也是如此。五味子丙素的双重抗炎和抗氧化作用调节核因子 kappa B (NF-κB) 和核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2 (Nrf-2) 的核易位，从而抑制丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 途径。五味子丙素促进自噬和线粒体生物发生分子的表达。此外，五味子丙素的作用增加了线粒体对氧化应激的活性。因此，五味子丙素的作用增强了自噬和线粒体生物发生的调节，其潜在涉及氧化应激下 C2C12 骨骼肌细胞中的抗氧化机制，包括 MAPKs/Nrf-2/血红素加氧酶-1 信号通路。因此，五味子丙素可被视为几种肌肉炎症的有益化合物。
