Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Jan;24(1):22-31. doi: 10.3201/eid2401.170412.
The highly virulent rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) has been widely used in Australia and New Zealand since the mid-1990s to control wild rabbits, an invasive vertebrate pest in these countries. In January 2014, an exotic RHDV was detected in Australia, and 8 additional outbreaks were reported in both domestic and wild rabbits in the 15 months following its detection. Full-length genomic analysis revealed that this virus is a recombinant containing an RHDVa capsid gene and nonstructural genes most closely related to nonpathogenic rabbit caliciviruses. Nationwide monitoring efforts need to be expanded to assess if the increasing number of different RHDV variants circulating in the Australian environment will affect biological control of rabbits. At the same time, updated vaccines and vaccination protocols are urgently needed to protect pet and farmed rabbits from these novel rabbit caliciviruses.
高致病性兔出血症病毒（RHDV）自 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来在澳大利亚和新西兰被广泛用于控制这两个国家的入侵脊椎动物害兽野兔。2014 年 1 月，澳大利亚检测到一种外来的 RHDV，在其被检测出后的 15 个月内，国内和野生兔中又报告了 8 起疫情。全长基因组分析表明，该病毒是一种重组病毒，含有 RHDVa 衣壳基因和与无致病性兔杯状病毒最密切相关的非结构基因。需要扩大全国范围的监测工作，以评估澳大利亚环境中不断增加的不同 RHDV 变体是否会影响对兔子的生物控制。与此同时，迫切需要更新疫苗和接种方案，以保护宠物兔和养殖兔免受这些新型兔杯状病毒的侵害。
