California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
Animal Science Department, Agri-Food Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Agri-Food Institute of Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2024 Sep;36(5):617-637. doi: 10.1177/10406387241260281. Epub 2024 Jun 19.
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2/genotype GI.2 (RHDV2/GI.2; , ) causes a highly contagious disease with hepatic necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in several species. RHDV2 was first detected in European rabbits () in France in 2010 and has since spread widely. We gather here data on viral detections reported in various countries and affected species, and discuss pathology, genetic differences, and novel diagnostic aspects. RHDV2 has been detected almost globally, with cases reported in Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia, and North America as of 2023. Since 2020, large scale outbreaks have occurred in the United States and Mexico and, at the same time, cases have been reported for the first time in previously unaffected countries, such as China, Japan, Singapore, and South Africa, among others. Detections have been notified in domestic and wild European rabbits, hares and jackrabbits ( spp.), several species of cottontail and brush rabbits ( spp.), pygmy rabbits (), and red rock rabbits ( spp.). RHDV2 has also been detected in a few non-lagomorph species. Detection of RHDV2 causing RHD in spp. and species other than those in the genera and is very novel. The global spread of this fast-evolving RNA virus into previously unexploited geographic areas increases the likelihood of host range expansion as new species are exposed; animals may also be infected by nonpathogenic caliciviruses that are disseminated by almost all species, and with which genetic recombination may occur.
兔出血症病毒 2/基因型 GI.2（RHDV2/GI.2；，）引起多种物种的肝坏死和弥散性血管内凝血的高度传染性疾病。RHDV2 于 2010 年在法国首次从欧洲兔（）中检测到，此后已广泛传播。我们在此汇集了在不同国家和受影响物种中报告的病毒检测数据，并讨论了病理学、遗传差异和新的诊断方面。截至 2023 年，RHDV2 已在全球范围内检测到，在欧洲、非洲、大洋洲、亚洲和北美洲均有病例报告。自 2020 年以来，美国和墨西哥发生了大规模疫情，与此同时，在以前未受影响的国家，如中国、日本、新加坡和南非等，也首次报告了病例。在国内和野生欧洲兔、野兔和长耳兔（ spp.）、几种棉尾兔和刷尾兔（ spp.）、侏兔（）和红崖兔（ spp.）中均已检测到 RHDV2。RHDV2 也已在少数非兔形目物种中检测到。检测到 RHDV2 在 spp.和 spp.中引起 RHD，以及属和属以外的物种，这是非常新颖的。这种快速进化的 RNA 病毒在以前未开发的地理区域的全球传播增加了宿主范围扩大的可能性，因为新的物种会受到感染；动物也可能感染几乎所有物种传播的非致病性杯状病毒，并且可能发生基因重组。
