Stubblefield W A, McKee R H, Kapp R W, Hinz J P
Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc., East Millstone, NJ 08873.
J Appl Toxicol. 1989 Feb;9(1):59-65. doi: 10.1002/jat.2550090111.
The acute toxicity of three materials derived from Athabasca Oil Sands--(1) bitumen plus naphtha, (2) untreated naphtha (0-250 degrees C) and (3) synthetic crude oil (0-500 degrees C)--was assessed in a battery of tests. In acute oral studies, all three test materials exhibited a low order of toxicity (LD50 greater than 5.0 g kg-1). The acute dermal LD50 was also low (greater than 3 g kg-1) for each test material. All three materials were judged to be 'slight' ocular irritants. Acute inhalation studies (6-h exposures at the maximum attainable concentrations) produced varied responses. Bitumen plus naphtha administered at a concentration of 1.46 mg l-1 did not cause mortality in exposed rats or mice. Lung discoloration was the only necropsy finding of note. Untreated naphtha administered at a concentration of 10.6 mg l-1 was lethal to essentially all of the mice; but only two rats died. Necropsy findings included elevated weights in the liver and kidneys of the exposed mice, elevated lung weights in male rats and elevated liver weights in female rats. Synthetic crude oil administered at a concentration of (4 mg l-1) was lethal to 5/10 mice, but none of the rats (0/10) died. Severe hair loss was noted in the surviving mice, and slight alopecia was also observed in rats. Both species exhibited elevated liver weight, and elevated lung weight was noted in female rats.
对源自阿萨巴斯卡油砂的三种物质——（1）沥青加石脑油、（2）未处理的石脑油（0 - 250摄氏度）和（3）合成原油（0 - 500摄氏度）——进行了一系列测试以评估其急性毒性。在急性口服研究中，所有三种测试物质的毒性都较低（半数致死量大于5.0克/千克）。每种测试物质的急性经皮半数致死量也较低（大于3克/千克）。所有三种物质都被判定为“轻度”眼刺激物。急性吸入研究（在最大可达浓度下暴露6小时）产生了不同的反应。以1.46毫克/升的浓度给予沥青加石脑油，未导致暴露的大鼠或小鼠死亡。肺部变色是唯一值得注意的尸检发现。以10.6毫克/升的浓度给予未处理的石脑油，基本上所有小鼠都死亡；但只有两只大鼠死亡。尸检发现包括暴露小鼠的肝脏和肾脏重量增加、雄性大鼠的肺重量增加以及雌性大鼠的肝脏重量增加。以4毫克/升的浓度给予合成原油，5/10只小鼠死亡，但大鼠无一死亡（0/10）。在存活的小鼠中观察到严重脱发，在大鼠中也观察到轻微脱发。两种动物都出现肝脏重量增加，雌性大鼠出现肺重量增加。
