McKee R H, Stubblefield W A, Lewis S C, Scala R A, Simon G S, DePass L R
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986 Aug;7(2):228-35. doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(86)90152-1.
The carcinogenic potential of Athabasca tar sands and six experimental liquids derived from crude bitumen was evaluated utilizing the mouse epidermal carcinogenesis model. Tar sands, bitumen, and untreated naphtha produced few, if any, tumors. Three thermally and catalytically cracked liquids, light (nominal boiling range: 149-316 degrees C) and heavy (nominal boiling range: greater than 316 degrees C) gas oils and gas oil blend (boiling range: greater than 316 degrees C), produced a significant number of epidermal neoplasms. A synthetic crude oil, prepared by blending naphtha and light and heavy gas oils, was moderately carcinogenic; however, the activity of this sample fell within the range of values obtained in studies of crude petroleum samples. Since the bitumen-derived streams do not differ substantially in carcinogenic potency from petroleum-derived materials of comparable boiling range and process history, industrial hygiene practices which limit exposures to levels comparable to those observed in the petroleum-refining industry should provide similar measures of protection.
利用小鼠表皮致癌模型评估了阿萨巴斯卡油砂以及从原油沥青中提取的六种实验液体的致癌潜力。油砂、沥青和未处理的石脑油几乎未产生肿瘤（即便有也很少）。三种经热裂解和催化裂解的液体，轻质（标称沸点范围：149 - 316摄氏度）和重质（标称沸点范围：高于316摄氏度）瓦斯油以及瓦斯油混合物（沸点范围：高于316摄氏度），产生了大量表皮肿瘤。通过混合石脑油、轻质和重质瓦斯油制备的合成原油具有中等致癌性；然而，该样品的活性处于原油样品研究中获得的值的范围内。由于源自沥青的物流在致癌效力方面与具有可比沸点范围和加工历史的石油衍生材料没有实质性差异，将接触水平限制在与石油精炼行业中观察到的水平相当的工业卫生措施应能提供类似的保护措施。
