Smith T W, Allred K D, Morrison C A, Carlson S D
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Feb;56(2):209-18.
Previous studies have demonstrated that effortful attempts to secure positive outcomes or avoid negative outcomes produce significant increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR). Although these effects of active coping on cardiovascular reactivity are central in current psychosomatic theories, virtually all of the research to date has used impersonal, asocial tasks. Our two studies examined the cardiovascular effects of effortful attempts to influence other people. In Study 1, male subjects attempting to influence the opinions of their discussion partner to improve their own chances of winning money displayed significantly greater SBP, DBP, and HR reactivity. In Study 2, we obtained similar effects on SBP and DBP reactivity in men and women, while both preparing an influence attempt and making that attempt. Furthermore, reactivity levels were larger as the magnitude of incentive for successful persuasion increased. Implications of this interpersonal equivalent of active coping for the development of cardiovascular disease are discussed.
先前的研究表明，为确保积极结果或避免消极结果而付出的努力会使收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）显著升高。尽管主动应对对心血管反应性的这些影响在当前的心身理论中至关重要，但迄今为止，几乎所有的研究都使用了非个人的、与社会无关的任务。我们的两项研究考察了为影响他人而付出努力所产生的心血管效应。在研究1中，试图影响讨论伙伴的意见以增加自己赢钱机会的男性受试者表现出显著更高的SBP、DBP和HR反应性。在研究2中，我们在男性和女性准备并进行影响尝试时，对SBP和DBP反应性都获得了类似的效果。此外，随着成功说服的激励程度增加，反应水平也更高。本文讨论了这种人际间主动应对等同于心血管疾病发展的影响。
