Hernandez Danielle H, Larkin Kevin T, Whited Matthew C
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Life Sciences Building, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-6040, USA.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2009 Mar;34(1):27-35. doi: 10.1007/s10484-009-9076-3. Epub 2009 Feb 6.
To examine the relation between hostility and cardiovascular reactivity to stress, 42 undergraduate men were categorized into high and low hostile groups based on responses to the Cook Medley Hostility Scale. Participants engaged in two laboratory tasks: a Cognitive Task (mental arithmetic) and a Social Task (confrontation role-play). Cardiovascular measures of heart rate and blood pressure were obtained throughout rest and task periods and participants provided ratings of state anger and forgiveness following task completion. Results revealed that low hostile participants exhibited greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses to both tasks than high hostile participants (p < .05), but no significant group differences were observed for heart rate or diastolic blood pressure. High hostile men reported greater state anger during resting conditions and less forgiveness following completion of tasks than low-hostile counterparts, but neither of these findings moderated the relation between hostility and SBP reactivity. Higher ratings of forgiveness were associated with lower SBP reactivity. These findings show that hostility is not always associated with exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to stress, and the influence of various moderating factors should be considered in elucidating this relation.
为了研究敌意与心血管应激反应之间的关系，根据对库克梅德利敌意量表的回答，将42名本科男性分为高敌意组和低敌意组。参与者进行了两项实验室任务：一项认知任务（心算）和一项社交任务（对抗角色扮演）。在休息和任务期间获取心率和血压的心血管测量数据，并在任务完成后让参与者对状态愤怒和宽恕进行评分。结果显示，低敌意参与者在两项任务中的收缩压（SBP）反应均高于高敌意参与者（p < .05），但在心率或舒张压方面未观察到显著的组间差异。高敌意男性在休息状态下报告的状态愤怒更高，任务完成后比低敌意男性的宽恕更少，但这些发现均未调节敌意与SBP反应性之间的关系。更高的宽恕评分与更低的SBP反应性相关。这些发现表明，敌意并不总是与对压力的过度心血管反应相关，在阐明这种关系时应考虑各种调节因素的影响。
