Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Feb;98:222-232. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.056. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
There are various types of receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have the highest expression with a wide range of physiological functions. A newer sub group of these receptors namely orphan GPCRs have been discovered. GPR3, GPR6, GPR17, GPR26, GPR37, GPR39, GPR40, GPR50, GPR52, GPR54, GPR55, GPR85, GPR88, GPR103, and GPR139 are the selected orphan GPCRs for this article. Their roles in the central nervous system have not been understood well so far. However, recent studies show that they may have very important functions in the CNS. Hence, in the present study, we reviewed most recent findings regarding the physiological roles of the selected orphan GPCRs in the CNS. After a brief presentation of each receptor, considering the results from genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the receptors, their roles in the pathophysiology of different diseases and disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and substance abuse will be discussed. At present, our knowledge regarding the role of GPCRs in the brain is very limited. However, previous limited studies show that orphan GPCRs have an important place in psychopharmacology and these receptors are potential new targets for the treatment of major CNS diseases.
中枢神经系统中有多种类型的受体。G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）的表达最高，具有广泛的生理功能。这些受体中有一个较新的亚群，即孤儿 GPCRs，已经被发现。GPR3、GPR6、GPR17、GPR26、GPR37、GPR39、GPR40、GPR50、GPR52、GPR54、GPR55、GPR85、GPR88、GPR103 和 GPR139 是本文选择的孤儿 GPCRs。它们在中枢神经系统中的作用迄今尚未被很好地理解。然而，最近的研究表明，它们在中枢神经系统中可能具有非常重要的功能。因此，在本研究中，我们综述了最近关于选定的孤儿 GPCRs 在中枢神经系统中的生理作用的发现。在简要介绍每个受体之后，考虑到对受体进行遗传和药理学操作的结果，将讨论它们在包括焦虑、抑郁、精神分裂症、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和物质滥用在内的不同疾病和障碍的发病机制中的作用。目前，我们对 GPCR 在大脑中的作用的了解非常有限。然而，以前的有限研究表明，孤儿 GPCRs 在精神药理学中占有重要地位，这些受体是治疗主要中枢神经系统疾病的潜在新靶点。
