National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206, China.
Sci China Life Sci. 2017 Dec;60(12):1299-1306. doi: 10.1007/s11427-017-9221-4. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
Since the identification of the novel reassortant avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in China in 2013, until Jun 30, 2017, the virus has caused five epidemic waves leading to a total of 1,552 human infections, with a fatality rate of about 40%. In the spring of 2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus emerged and has caused 25 human infections. The HPAI H7N9 virus has some biological differences from the LPAI one, such as its multiple basic amino acid residues on HA leading to its independence on trypsin for replication. The pathogenicity of the HPAI H7N9 virus to experimental animals or humans is still unclear. A(H7N9) vaccine development for pandemic preparedness is ongoing, including the reassortment (H7N9/PR8) reverse genetic based vaccine, the virus like particle (VLP) vaccine, the intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), the non-adjuvant Vero cell culture-derived inactivated whole-virus vaccine, the MDCK culture-derived vaccine, the H7 DNA vaccine and the recombinant replicative H7N9 virus (H7N9-53TM) vaccine. Five neuramidinase resistant sites of A(H7N9) virus isolated from patients have been reported. Some alternative drugs have been studied, such as DAS181 (Fludase), ribavirin, troglitazone and minocycline. Persistent surveillance and enhanced global control are essential to fight against human infections with A(H7N9) virus.
自 2013 年中国发现新型重配禽流感 A（H7N9）病毒以来，截至 2017 年 6 月 30 日，该病毒已引发了五波疫情，共导致 1552 人感染，病死率约为 40%。2017 年春季，高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H7N9 病毒出现，并导致 25 人感染。HPAI H7N9 病毒与低致病性禽流感（LPAI）病毒相比具有一些生物学差异，例如其 HA 上存在多个碱性氨基酸残基，使其能够独立于胰酶进行复制。HPAI H7N9 病毒对实验动物或人类的致病性尚不清楚。正在进行针对大流行的 A(H7N9)疫苗的开发，包括重配（H7N9/PR8）基于反向遗传的疫苗、病毒样颗粒（VLP）疫苗、鼻内减毒活流感疫苗（LAIV）、无佐剂 Vero 细胞培养衍生的灭活全病毒疫苗、MDCK 培养衍生的疫苗、H7 DNA 疫苗和重组复制型 H7N9 病毒（H7N9-53TM）疫苗。已报道了从患者中分离出的 A(H7N9)病毒的五个神经氨酸酶抗性位点。已经研究了一些替代药物，如 DAS181（Fludase）、利巴韦林、曲格列酮和米诺环素。持续监测和加强全球控制对于抗击人类感染 H7N9 病毒至关重要。
