School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Hogbin Dr, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK.
Sports Med. 2018 Mar;48(3):525-537. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0852-6.
Models of endurance performance now recognise input from the brain, including an athlete's ability to cope with various non-pleasurable perceptions during exercise, such as pain and temperature. Exercise training can reduce perceptions of both pain and temperature over time, partly explaining why athletes generally have a higher pain tolerance, despite a similar pain threshold, compared with active controls. Several strategies with varying efficacy may ameliorate the perceptions of pain (e.g. acetaminophen, transcranial direct current stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation) and temperature (e.g. menthol beverages, topical menthol products and other cooling strategies, especially those targeting the head) during exercise to improve athletic performance. This review describes both the theory and practical applications of these interventions in the endurance sport setting, as well as the potentially harmful health consequences of their use.
现在，耐力表现模型认识到来自大脑的输入，包括运动员在运动中应对各种不愉快感觉的能力，如疼痛和温度。随着时间的推移，运动训练可以减少对疼痛和温度的感知，这部分解释了为什么与对照组相比，运动员通常具有更高的疼痛耐受能力，尽管他们的疼痛阈值相似。一些效果不同的策略可以改善运动时的疼痛感知（例如，对乙酰氨基酚、经颅直流电刺激和经皮电刺激）和温度感知（例如，薄荷醇饮料、局部薄荷醇产品和其他冷却策略，特别是针对头部的策略），从而提高运动表现。本综述描述了这些干预措施在耐力运动环境中的理论和实际应用，以及它们使用可能带来的潜在有害健康后果。
