Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Exp Physiol. 2022 Oct;107(10):1122-1135. doi: 10.1113/EP090149. Epub 2022 May 19.
What is the topic of this review? The potential role of nutrition in exertional heat stroke. What advances does it highlight? Certain nutritional and dietary strategies used by athletes and workers may exert a protective effect the pathophysiological processes of exertional heat stroke, whereas others may be detrimental. While current evidence suggests that some of these practices may be leveraged as a potential countermeasure to exertional heat stroke, further research on injury-related outcomes in humans is required.
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a life-threatening illness and an enduring problem among athletes, military servicemen and -women, and occupational labourers who regularly perform strenuous activity, often under hot and humid conditions or when wearing personal protective equipment. Risk factors for EHS and mitigation strategies have generally focused on the environment, health status, clothing, heat acclimatization and aerobic conditioning, but the potential role of nutrition is largely underexplored. Various nutritional and dietary strategies have shown beneficial effects on exercise performance and health and are widely used by athletes and other physically active populations. There is also evidence that some of these practices may dampen the pathophysiological features of EHS, suggesting possible protection or abatement of injury severity. Promising candidates include carbohydrate ingestion, appropriate fluid intake and glutamine supplementation. Conversely, some nutritional factors and low energy availability may facilitate the development of EHS, and individuals should be cognizant of these. Therefore, the aims of this review are to present an overview of EHS along with its mechanisms and pathophysiology, discuss how selected nutritional considerations may influence EHS risk focusing on their impact on the key pathophysiological processes of EHS, and provide recommendations for future research. With climate change expected to increase EHS risk and incidence in the coming years, further investigation on how diet and nutrition may be optimized to protect against EHS would be highly beneficial.
这篇综述的主题是什么？营养在运动性热射病中的潜在作用。它强调了哪些进展？运动员和工人使用的某些营养和饮食策略可能对运动性热射病的病理生理过程产生保护作用，而其他策略则可能有害。虽然目前的证据表明，其中一些做法可能被用作预防运动性热射病的潜在对策，但仍需要对人类与损伤相关的结局进行进一步研究。
运动性热射病（EHS）是一种危及生命的疾病，在经常进行剧烈活动的运动员、军人和职业劳动者中仍然是一个长期存在的问题，这些人经常在炎热和潮湿的环境中或穿着个人防护装备时进行活动。EHS 的风险因素和缓解策略通常侧重于环境、健康状况、服装、热适应和有氧训练，但营养的潜在作用在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。各种营养和饮食策略已被证明对运动表现和健康有益，并且广泛应用于运动员和其他活跃人群。有证据表明，其中一些做法可能会抑制 EHS 的病理生理特征，表明可能对损伤严重程度具有保护或减轻作用。有前途的候选者包括碳水化合物摄入、适当的液体摄入和谷氨酰胺补充。相反，一些营养因素和低能量供应可能会促进 EHS 的发展，个体应该注意这些因素。因此，本综述的目的是介绍 EHS 的概述及其机制和病理生理学，讨论某些营养注意事项如何可能影响 EHS 风险，重点关注它们对 EHS 的关键病理生理过程的影响，并为未来的研究提供建议。随着预计未来几年气候变化将增加 EHS 的风险和发生率，进一步研究饮食和营养如何优化以预防 EHS 将非常有益。
