Yu Laikang, Chen Zhizhou, Wu Weiliang, Xu Xinhao, Lv Yuanyuan, Li Cui
Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Performance and Skill Assessment, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 6;16(23):4217. doi: 10.3390/nu16234217.
An increasing number of studies have explored the effects of precooling on endurance exercise performance in the heat, yet the available results remain inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different precooling strategies on endurance exercise performance in the heat. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and EBSCO database. The Cochrane risk assessment tool was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was subsequently conducted to quantify the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval for the effects of precooling on endurance exercise performance in the heat. Out of the initially identified 6982 search records, 15 studies were deemed eligible for meta-analysis. Our results showed that precooling significantly improved time trial (TT) performance (SMD, -0.37, < 0.01, = 0%) and time to exhaustion (TTE) performance in the heat (SMD, 0.73, < 0.01, = 50%). Further subgroup analyses revealed that external precooling is more effective in improving TT performance (SMD, -0.43, = 0.004, = 0%) and TTE performance (SMD, 1.01, < 0.001, = 48%), particularly in running-based performances (TT, SMD, -0.41, = 0.02, = 0%; TTE, SMD, 0.85, = 0.0001, = 31%). Precooling is an effective approach to improve endurance exercise performance in the heat. External precooling is more effective in improving endurance exercise performance, particularly in running-based performance.
越来越多的研究探讨了预冷对高温环境下耐力运动表现的影响，但现有结果仍不一致。因此，本研究旨在调查不同预冷策略对高温环境下耐力运动表现的影响。通过PubMed、科学网、Cochrane、Scopus和EBSCO数据库进行了全面检索。采用Cochrane风险评估工具评估纳入研究的方法学质量。随后进行了荟萃分析，以量化预冷对高温环境下耐力运动表现影响的标准化平均差（SMD）和95%置信区间。在最初确定的6982条检索记录中，有15项研究被认为符合荟萃分析的条件。我们的结果表明，预冷显著改善了计时赛（TT）表现（SMD，-0.37，<0.01，I² = 0%）和高温环境下的力竭时间（TTE）表现（SMD，0.73，<0.01，I² = 50%）。进一步的亚组分析显示，外部预冷在改善TT表现（SMD，-0.43，P = 0.004，I² = 0%）和TTE表现（SMD，1.01，<0.001，I² = 48%）方面更有效，特别是在基于跑步的表现中（TT，SMD，-0.41，P = 0.02，I² = 0%；TTE，SMD，0.85，P = 0.0001，I² = 31%）。预冷是提高高温环境下耐力运动表现的有效方法。外部预冷在提高耐力运动表现方面更有效，特别是在基于跑步的表现中。
