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用于儿童身体姿势评估的二维数码摄影：7至10岁儿童的标准化技术、可靠参数及规范数据

Two-dimensional digital photography for child body posture evaluation: standardized technique, reliable parameters and normative data for age 7-10 years.

作者信息

Stolinski L, Kozinoga M, Czaprowski D, Tyrakowski M, Cerny P, Suzuki N, Kotwicki T

机构信息

Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. no. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland.

Rehasport Clinic, Poznan, Poland.

出版信息

Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2017 Dec 19;12:38. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0146-7. eCollection 2017.

DOI:10.1186/s13013-017-0146-7
PMID:29276784
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5738151/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Digital photogrammetry provides measurements of body angles or distances which allow for quantitative posture assessment with or without the use of external markers. It is becoming an increasingly popular tool for the assessment of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this paper is to present a structured method for the analysis of posture and its changes using a standardized digital photography technique.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The purpose of the study was twofold. The first one comprised 91 children (44 girls and 47 boys) aged 7-10 (8.2 ± 1.0), i.e., students of primary school, and its aim was to develop the photographic method, choose the quantitative parameters, and determine the intraobserver reliability (repeatability) along with the interobserver reliability (reproducibility) measurements in sagittal plane using digital photography, as well as to compare the Rippstein plurimeter and digital photography measurements. The second one involved 7782 children (3804 girls, 3978 boys) aged 7-10 (8.4 ± 0.5), who underwent digital photography postural screening. The methods consisted in measuring and calculating selected parameters, establishing the normal ranges of photographic parameters, presenting percentile charts, as well as noticing common pitfalls and possible sources of errors in digital photography.

RESULTS

A standardized procedure for the photographic evaluation of child body posture was presented. The photographic measurements revealed very good intra- and inter-rater reliability regarding the five sagittal parameters and good reliability performed against Rippstein plurimeter measurements. The parameters displayed insignificant variability over time. Normative data were calculated based on photographic assessment, while the percentile charts were provided to serve as reference values. The technical errors observed during photogrammetry are carefully discussed in this article.

CONCLUSIONS

Technical developments are allowed for the regular use of digital photogrammetry in body posture assessment. Specific child positioning (described above) enables us to avoid incidentally modified posture. Image registration is simple, quick, harmless, and cost-effective. The semi-automatic image analysis, together with the normal values and percentile charts, makes the technique reliable in terms of child's posture documentation and corrective therapy effects' monitoring.

摘要

背景

数字摄影测量法可测量身体角度或距离，从而在使用或不使用外部标记的情况下进行定量姿势评估。它正日益成为评估肌肉骨骼系统的常用工具。本文旨在介绍一种使用标准化数字摄影技术分析姿势及其变化的结构化方法。

材料与方法

该研究有两个目的。第一个目的涉及91名7至10岁（8.2±1.0）的儿童（44名女孩和47名男孩），即小学生，其目的是开发摄影方法、选择定量参数，并使用数字摄影确定矢状面内观察者内可靠性（重复性）以及观察者间可靠性（再现性）测量值，同时比较里普斯坦多角计和数字摄影测量值。第二个目的涉及7782名7至10岁（8.4±0.5）的儿童（3804名女孩，3978名男孩），他们接受了数字摄影姿势筛查。方法包括测量和计算选定参数、确定摄影参数的正常范围、绘制百分位数图表，以及注意数字摄影中常见的陷阱和可能的误差来源。

结果

提出了一种用于儿童身体姿势摄影评估的标准化程序。摄影测量显示，五个矢状参数的观察者内和观察者间可靠性非常好，与里普斯坦多角计测量相比，可靠性良好。这些参数随时间显示出微不足道的变异性。基于摄影评估计算了标准数据，并提供了百分位数图表作为参考值。本文仔细讨论了摄影测量期间观察到的技术误差。

结论

技术发展使数字摄影测量法能够常规用于身体姿势评估。特定的儿童定位（如上所述）使我们能够避免姿势被意外改变。图像配准简单、快速、无害且具有成本效益。半自动图像分析以及正常值和百分位数图表，使得该技术在记录儿童姿势和监测矫正治疗效果方面可靠。

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