Brakefield P M, El Filali E, Van Der Laan R, Breuker C J, Saccheri I J, Zwaan B
Institute of Ecological and Evolutionary Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
J Evol Biol. 2001 Jan 8;14(1):148-156. doi: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00248.x.
A pedigree approach is used to estimate the effective population size yn two population cages of the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. Each cage was founded with 54 individually marked adults of each sex. Matings were recorded over a 3-day period. Eggs were then collected from each female over a similar period before the numbers of hatching larvae were counted to assess progeny number. The males showed a higher variance in reproductive success than the females. Since about one-quarter of all females mated more than once, we also examined the pattern of sperm precedence using molecular markers or, in separate crossing experiments, wing pattern mutants. Both instances of complete first and last male sperm precedence, as well as of sperm mixing, were found. In some crosses a 'leakiness' was found in which some of the early eggs laid by a female were fertilized by a male partner which was subsequently completely unsuccessful. However, the estimates of effective population size were largely unaffected by the pattern of sperm precedence. Estimates for N : N in each cage were close to 0.60. The possibility of obtaining comparable estimates in selected natural populations of butterflies is discussed.
采用系谱法来估计蝴蝶小环蛱蝶（Bicyclus anynana）两个种群笼中的有效种群大小。每个笼子最初放入54只经个体标记的雌雄成虫。在3天时间内记录交配情况。然后在类似时间段内从每只雌蝶收集卵，之后统计孵化幼虫数量以评估后代数量。雄性在繁殖成功率上的方差高于雌性。由于约四分之一的雌蝶不止交配一次，我们还使用分子标记或在单独的杂交实验中利用翅型突变体来研究精子优先模式。发现了完全的首次和末次雄蝶精子优先以及精子混合的情况。在一些杂交中发现了“渗漏”现象，即雌蝶产下的一些早期卵由随后完全不育的雄蝶配偶受精。然而，有效种群大小的估计在很大程度上不受精子优先模式的影响。每个笼子中N♂:N♀的估计值接近0.60。文中还讨论了在选定的蝴蝶自然种群中获得可比估计值的可能性。
