Ola Bolanle, Atilola Olayinka
Dr. Ola is an Associate Professor and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist and Dr. Atilola is a Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2017 Dec;45(4):439-446.
Substance-related disorders (SRD) are common psychiatric morbidities among adolescents within youth correctional systems. Identification and treatment of SRDs is critical for successful reformation and reintegration. Lack of simple, structured, valid, brief screening instruments that can be easily administered and scored by lay workers militates against screening for SRDs. We present the results of the reliability and concurrent validity of the CRAFFT (acronym for Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, and Trouble) substance abuse screening instrument among residents of youth correctional facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. Adolescents who screened positive on CRAFFT were further assessed with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) to determine whether they met diagnostic criteria for SRDs. The mean CRAFFT scores for all the adolescents ( = 178) was 0.66 (SD ± 1.45). A total of 23 (12.9%) had CRAFFT scores of >1.00. The CRAFFT instrument has good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.85) and 2-week test reliability (Spearman correlation = 0.979; < .001). At a cutoff point of >1.00, CRAFFT had the best sensitivity and specificity (area under the curve = 0.889; 95% confidence interval 0.765-1.000) among the participants. As validated, the CRAFFT is a reliable instrument for screening for SRDs in incarcerated youth.
物质相关障碍（SRD）是青少年教养系统中青少年常见的精神疾病。识别和治疗SRD对于成功改造和重新融入社会至关重要。缺乏简单、结构化、有效且简短的筛查工具，使得外行人难以轻松实施和评分，这不利于对SRD进行筛查。我们展示了CRAFFT（汽车、放松、独处、遗忘、朋友和麻烦的首字母缩写）物质滥用筛查工具在尼日利亚拉各斯青少年教养设施居民中的信度和同时效度结果。在CRAFFT筛查呈阳性的青少年中，进一步使用儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症评定量表（K-SADS）进行评估，以确定他们是否符合SRD的诊断标准。所有青少年（=178）的CRAFFT平均得分为0.66（标准差±1.45）。共有23名（12.9%）青少年的CRAFFT得分>1.00。CRAFFT工具具有良好的内部一致性（Cronbach'sα=0.85）和两周测试信度（斯皮尔曼相关性=0.979；<0.001）。在参与者中，当临界值>1.00时，CRAFFT具有最佳的敏感性和特异性（曲线下面积=0.889；95%置信区间0.765-1.000）。经验证，CRAFFT是一种可靠的工具，可用于筛查被监禁青少年中的SRD。
