Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing, Beijing, 100013, China.
Front Med. 2018 Feb;12(1):48-57. doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0608-6. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance systems from 2013 to 2016, as well as different regions and ages, can be found along with differences in the patterns of pathogens detected with diverse characteristics. Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in China, especially among adults in coastal regions. Salmonella has been a serious and widely distributed pathogen responsible for substantial socioeconomic burden. Shigella was mostly identified in Northwest China and the inland province (Henan) with less-developed regions among children under 5 years. Data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2011 to 2016 showed that poisonous animals and plant factors responsible for most deaths were poisonous mushrooms (54.7%) in remote districts in southwest regions. The biological hazard that caused most cases reported (42.3%) was attributed to V. parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks. In this review, we summarize the recent monitoring approach to foodborne diseases in China and compare the results with those in developed countries.
食源性疾病是全球最重要的公共卫生问题之一。中国在食物链的各个方面都面临着各种前所未有的挑战。从 2013 年至 2016 年基于实验室的食源性疾病监测系统中可以获得数据，以及不同地区和不同年龄段的数据，同时还可以发现检测到的病原体模式存在差异，这些差异具有不同的特征。副溶血性弧菌一直是中国感染性腹泻的主要病原体，尤其是沿海地区的成年人。沙门氏菌是一种严重且分布广泛的病原体，对社会经济造成了巨大负担。志贺氏菌主要在中国西北部和内陆省份（河南）的欠发达地区的 5 岁以下儿童中发现。2011 年至 2016 年食源性疾病暴发报告系统的数据显示，造成大多数死亡的有毒动植物因素是西南偏远地区的毒蘑菇（54.7%）。导致报告病例最多的生物危害（42.3%）归因于副溶血性弧菌，它是食源性疾病暴发的主要病原体。在这篇综述中，我们总结了中国最近对食源性疾病的监测方法，并将结果与发达国家进行了比较。
