1 Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Neuroscientist. 2018 Oct;24(5):456-470. doi: 10.1177/1073858417733720. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Cortical circuits are known to be plastic and adaptable, as shown by an impressive body of evidence demonstrating the ability of cortical circuits to adapt to changes in environmental stimuli, development, learning, and insults. In this review, we will discuss some of the features of cortical circuits that are thought to facilitate cortical circuit versatility and flexibility. Throughout life, cortical circuits can be extensively shaped and refined by experience while preserving their overall organization, suggesting that mechanisms are in place to favor change but also to stabilize some aspects of the circuit. First, we will describe the basic organization and some of the common features of cortical circuits. We will then discuss how this underlying cortical structure provides a substrate for the experience- and learning-dependent processes that contribute to cortical flexibility.
皮质电路被认为是具有可塑性和适应性的，大量证据表明皮质电路能够适应环境刺激、发育、学习和损伤的变化，这一点令人印象深刻。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论一些被认为有助于皮质电路多功能性和灵活性的皮质电路特征。在整个生命过程中，皮质电路可以通过经验进行广泛的塑造和精炼，同时保持其整体组织，这表明存在一些机制来促进变化，同时也稳定电路的某些方面。首先，我们将描述皮质电路的基本组织和一些常见特征。然后，我们将讨论这种基本的皮质结构如何为促进皮质灵活性的经验和学习相关过程提供基础。
